Doctoral Dissertation Research: Patterns in Ontogeny of Human Trabecular Bone from the Prehistoric Ohio Valley

博士论文研究：史前俄亥俄河谷人类小梁骨的个体发育模式

• 批准号: 0650727
• 负责人: Clark Larsen
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0650727&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Patterns; Ontogeny

It has been stated that the child is the father of man. This project extends from that premise, examining aspects of bone structure during human growth and development with the goal of producing new quantitative and structural knowledge of skeletal biology in childhood. Bone shape and structure have a predictable relationship to activity and load, making them potentially attractive for the study of behavior and childhood development of past and present populations. Relatively little research has been directed towards the variation in bone during growth and development, creating a deficiency in the foundation upon which this type of analysis can be used to examine the quality of life for past (and living) human groups. This research project studies the temporal sequence and variation in how bone form and shape are a reflection of growth and development and are associated with the timing and acquisition of normal childhood functional activities. The study uses an archaeological series of skeletons in order to address hypotheses about skeletal ontogeny.The skeletal sample is selected from SunWatch, a Late Prehistoric Ohio Valley village, located on the Little Miami River, near Dayton, Ohio. SunWatch is an example of a settlement pattern emerging in the Ohio Valley in the 12th century, characterized by agricultural villages with a central plaza and a peripheral ring of rectangular houses, burials, and storage/trash pits. Skeletal analysis will consist of completely nondestructive micro X-ray scanning of bone just below the knee, demonstrating the details of the lattice-like bony structure. Computer assisted analyses will develop structural parameters. The expectations of this study, in addition to assisting in graduate training, are to provide quantitative morphological and imaging data highlighting the dynamic sequential relationships between growth/development, general functional activities, and bone structure. This project represents a natural experiment in childhood growth and development, mechanical loading, and physical activity: infants going from not walking to walking, small body mass to large body mass, and dependency in activity to independence. The intellectual merit centers on the potential of using recent advances in computer-simulated modeling, non-invasive micro-imaging techniques, and finite element computational methodologies to advance understanding of socially structured human behavior, environmental influences, and the skeletal biology of childhood. Although this study is focused on the problem of growth changes in bone, the applicability of the project design can form the foundation for expanded comparative studies in physical anthropology, skeletal biology, growth and development, and bioarchaeology.Research into the structure of the human skeleton is situated within the broad framework of musculoskeletal biology with society-wide implications in the areas of changes in our skeleton with varying genetic and environmental settings, serious public health conditions (osteoarthritis and osteoporosis), and skeletal regenerative and implant investigations. This study enhances the infrastructure of research by incorporating recent advances, fostering a multidisciplinary approach towards understanding skeletal biology, and augmenting relevance to biocultural studies of ancient and recent populations.

有人说，孩子是人类的父亲。该项目从这个前提延伸出来，研究人类生长和发育过程中骨骼结构的各个方面，目标是产生儿童时期骨骼生物学的新的定量和结构知识。骨骼形状和结构与活动和负荷具有可预测的关系，这使得它们对于研究过去和现在人群的行为和儿童发育具有潜在的吸引力。针对生长和发育过程中骨骼变化的研究相对较少，导致这种类型的分析可用于检查过去（和现在）人类群体的生活质量的基础存在缺陷。该研究项目研究骨骼形成和形状如何反映生长和发育以及与正常儿童功能活动的时间安排和获得相关的时间顺序和变化。 该研究使用一系列考古骨骼来解决有关骨骼个体发育的假设。骨骼样本选自 SunWatch，这是一个史前晚期俄亥俄河谷村庄，位于俄亥俄州代顿附近的小迈阿密河上。 SunWatch 是 12 世纪俄亥俄河谷出现的聚落模式的一个例子，其特点是农业村庄，有一个中心广场，周围有矩形房屋、墓地和储藏/垃圾坑。骨骼分析将包括对膝盖下方骨骼进行完全无损的微 X 射线扫描，展示格子状骨骼结构的细节。计算机辅助分析将开发结构参数。这项研究的期望，除了协助研究生培训外，还提供定量形态学和成像数据，突出生长/发育、一般功能活动和骨骼结构之间的动态顺序关系。该项目代表了儿童生长发育、机械负荷和身体活动的自然实验：婴儿从不走路到走路、体重较小到体重较大、活动依赖到独立。其智力价值集中在利用计算机模拟建模、非侵入性微成像技术和有限元计算方法的最新进展来增进对社会结构的人类行为、环境影响和儿童骨骼生物学的理解的潜力。虽然这项研究的重点是骨骼的生长变化问题，但项目设计的适用性可以为体质人类学、骨骼生物学、生长和发育以及生物考古学等方面的扩展比较研究奠定基础。对人体骨骼结构的研究位于肌肉骨骼生物学的广泛框架内，在不同遗传和环境背景、严重的公共卫生条件下骨骼变化等领域具有全社会的影响。 （骨关节炎和骨质疏松症）以及骨骼再生和植入研究。这项研究通过结合最新进展，促进理解骨骼生物学的多学科方法，并增强与古代和现代人群生物文化研究的相关性，增强了研究基础设施。