Surface Order in Dielectric Liquids

介电液体中的表面有序

• 批准号: 0705137
• 负责人: Pulak Dutta
• 金额: $ 34.5万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-01 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0705137&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Surface; Order; Dielectric; Liquids

Nontechnical abstractAs a result of recent experiments, it is now known that the atoms or molecules in liquids can arrange themselves into layers near the surface. The nanoscale surface region therefore resembles a liquid crystal rather than the liquid itself. The objective of this project is a detailed and systematic study of this phenomenon using synchrotron radiation. The knowledge gained from these studies will help determine how and why liquid surface properties are different from bulk liquid properties. Liquid surfaces play important roles in many familiar processes such as waves, wetting/spreading/coating, evaporation, the formation of droplets and aerosols in clouds and elsewhere, thin film technology, industrial processes, etc. Therefore, these studies may ultimately lead to benefits to society from being able to better understand and control such processes. This project will integrate research and teaching by training graduate students in an interdisciplinary environment, and also by giving them experience in the use of national facilities such as the Advanced Photon Source and the National Synchrotron Light Source. A new undergraduate course called "Physics of Fluid" is being developed, and a "Materials Science Module" about liquids will be produced for use in high schools.Technical abstractNormal (isotropic) liquids, both metallic and nonmetallic, are now known to form stratified surface regions at sufficiently low temperatures. The objective of this project is a detailed and systematic study of these ordering phenomena. The dependence of observed surface layering in nonmetallic liquids on temperature and on properties of the material such as surface tension will be investigated in detail using synchrotron X-ray scattering. Identification of universal qualitative and quantitative features and trends in the layering behavior of different materials will be sought. These studies may ultimately lead to a better understand of, and more control over, the ubiquitous processes in which liquid surfaces play essential roles. This project will integrate research and teaching by training graduate students in an interdisciplinary environment, and also by giving them experience in the use of synchrotron facilities. A new undergraduate course called "Physics of Fluids" is being developed, and a "Materials Science Module" about liquids will be produced for use in high schools.

【非技术内容】最近的实验结果表明，液体中的原子或分子可以在靠近表面的地方排列成若干层。因此，纳米级的表面区域更像液晶而不是液体本身。该项目的目的是利用同步辐射对这一现象进行详细和系统的研究。从这些研究中获得的知识将有助于确定液体表面性质如何以及为什么与散装液体性质不同。液体表面在许多熟悉的过程中起着重要的作用，如波浪、润湿/扩散/涂覆、蒸发、云和其他地方的液滴和气溶胶的形成、薄膜技术、工业过程等。因此，这些研究能够更好地理解和控制这些过程，最终可能会给社会带来好处。该项目将把研究和教学结合起来，在跨学科的环境中培养研究生，并给他们使用先进光子源和国家同步加速器光源等国家设施的经验。一门名为“流体物理学”的新本科课程正在开发中，一门关于液体的“材料科学模块”将在高中使用。技术摘要：一般（各向同性）液体，无论是金属的还是非金属的，现在已知在足够低的温度下会形成分层的表面区域。该项目的目的是对这些排序现象进行详细和系统的研究。在非金属液体中观察到的表面分层与温度和材料性质（如表面张力）的关系将使用同步加速器x射线散射进行详细的研究。将寻求在不同材料的分层行为中确定普遍的定性和定量特征和趋势。这些研究可能最终导致更好地理解和控制无处不在的过程，在这些过程中，液体表面起着至关重要的作用。这个项目将把研究和教学结合起来，在跨学科的环境中训练研究生，并给他们使用同步加速器设施的经验。一门名为“流体物理学”的新本科课程正在开发中，一门关于液体的“材料科学模块”将在高中使用。