LHC Theory Initiative

最近，关于大型对撞机实验过程的范式发生了变化。直到最近，实验一直在美国的设施中进行，如费米实验室、SLAC和康奈尔大学的CESR。这些大型实验室通常有内部的理论物理小组，可以帮助规划和分析实验。然而，明年，欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机(LHC)将开始运行，使目前美国所有的对撞机实验室都被淘汰。在该设施中，ATLAS和CMS两个大型实验将得到能源部和国家科学基金会约30%的支持，并将有以前在美国设施工作的人员的大量参与，如Fermilab、SLAC和CESR。为了充分利用大型强子对撞机的发现能力，需要开发许多计算和计算工具，以便与强、电磁和弱相互作用标准模型相关的理论不确定性变得比实验不确定性更小。实验者在分析数据时使用的事件生成器需要被泛化或完全重写，以便能够理解用于解释超越标准模型物理的候选理论的签名，并将其与数据进行比较。最后，包括超对称性、额外维度、大统一理论、布莱恩世界假说和弦激发的有效理论在内的非标准模型思想需要系统化和分析，以便它们的预测能够很容易地与大型强子对撞机的新数据进行比较，包括实验切割、背景等。大型强子对撞机是发现超出标准模型的新现象的重要发现工具，中微子的暗物质、暗能量和小质量的发现已经暗示了这些新现象。美国在那些对解释和最佳利用大型强子对撞机设施至关重要的物理领域的努力需要重振旗鼓。美国的努力必须以大学为基础，是培养学生和下一代现象学学者的绝佳场所。大型强子对撞机倡议的目的是有一个指导过程，让美国研究生和博士后参与到与即将到来的实验的解释和分析相关的计算中。该倡议要求为研究生提供一年的奖学金，为博士后提供两年的奖学金，在大型强子对撞机相关理论项目的导师的指导下工作。学生、博士后和导师将组成一个通过电话会议进行交流的网络。将与实验者举行两次年度会议，讨论正在进行的数据收集过程及其解释。人们希望，年轻的理论家和实验界之间的协同将为高能物理领域的最佳发现潜力提供一个新的范例。人们还希望，这一倡议将使美国再次在高能现象学领域发挥领导作用。形成的网络将为全国性的协作理论网络提供骨干，使来自孤立团体和较小机构的物理学家能够参与并将他们的努力集中在与大型强子对撞机直接相关的项目上。

Recently there has been a change in paradigm as to the course of Large Scale Collider Experiments. Until recently, experiments have been done at US facilities such as Fermilab, SLAC, and Cornell CESR. These large labs often had in-house theoretical physics groups that could aid in the planning and analysis of the experiments. However next year, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will start operation, making obsolete all current US Collider laboratories. At this facility two large experiments, ATLAS and CMS will be supported approximately 30% by DOE and NSF and will have large participation by people previously working at the US facilities such as Fermilab, SLAC, and CESR. In order for the discovery capabilities of the LHC to be fully utilized many calculations and calculational tools need to be developed so that the theoretical uncertainties related to the standard model of strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions become less than the experimental uncertainties. Event generators used by experimentalists in analyzing data need to be generalized or totally rewritten so that signatures coming from candidate theories for explaining Beyond the Standard Model Physics can be understood and to compared with data. Finally, Non-standard Model ideas that include Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Grand Unified Theories, Brane-world Scenarios, and String inspired Effective theories will need to be systematized and analyzed so that their predictions can be easily compared with the new data from the LHC including experimental cuts, backgrounds etc. The LHC is an essential discovery tool for finding new phenomena which go beyond the Standard Model and which already have been hinted at by the discovery of dark matter, dark energy and small masses for the neutrinos. The US effort in those areas of physics crucial to interpreting and making best use of the LHC facility needs revitalization. The US effort will have to be University based and is an excellent arena for training students and the next generation of Phenomenoligists. The purpose of the LHC initiative is to have a mentoring process for involving US graduate students and Post-Docs to get involved with calculations relevant for the interpretation and analysis of upcoming experiments. The initiative calls for one-year fellowships for graduate students and two-year fellowships for Post-docs to work under the guidance of a mentor on LHC related theory projects. The students, Post-Docs and Mentors will form a network with communication by teleconferencing. There will be two annual meetings with experimentalists to discuss the ongoing data collection process and its interpretation. It is hoped that the synergy between the young theorists and the experimental community will present a new paradigm for optimal discovery potential in the field of High Energy Physics. It is also hoped that this initiative will allow the US to again take a leadership role in High Energy Phenomenology. The network formed will provide a backbone for a nationwide collaborative theory network making it possible for physicists from isolated groups and smaller institutions to participate and focus their efforts on projects that are directly relevant to the LHC.