Something from nothing: how placebo effects are formed and maintained

该项目寻求开发和实验测试一种新的安慰剂效应模型，该模型将揭示预期、控制和条件作用如何结合起来产生安慰剂效应。安慰剂效应是一种令人着迷的重要心理现象，通过这种现象，假治疗后病情会有所改善。尽管有相当多的证据表明安慰剂对各种健康、体育和教育结果有影响，但这些影响到底是如何形成和维持的仍不清楚。更好地了解安慰剂效应将使我们能够准确地评估健康、教育和体育干预措施，并将促进利用安慰剂效应改善结果的干预措施的发展。

This project seeks to develop and experimentally test a new model of placebo effects that will unpack how expectancy, control, and conditioning combine to produce placebo effects. The placebo effect is a fascinating and important psychological phenomenon whereby improvement occurs following a sham treatment. Despite considerable evidence for placebo effects across various health, sporting, and educational outcomes, exactly how these effects are formed and maintained remains unclear. Greater understanding of the placebo effect would enable us to accurately evaluate health, educational, and sporting interventions and would facilitate the development of interventions that harness the placebo effect to improve outcomes.