Patchy Colloids & Colloidal Molecules

斑状胶体

• 批准号: 0706453
• 负责人: David Pine
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0706453&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Patchy; Colloids; & Colloidal; Molecules

Non-Technical Abstract: This project addresses a central goal of contemporary materials science: to create methods for manipulating and assembling materials on the nanoscale. While chemists address such problems on a molecular scale, methods for designing and assembling small molecular aggregates known as "nanoparticles" or "colloids" are poorly developed. Such particles, 100 to 100,000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair, are usually spherical with surfaces that either uniformly repel or stick to each other where they first happen to touch. However, to design organized useful structures, particles cannot simply stick where they first touch but need to have "hands" that grab onto each other only at specific points on their surfaces and only along certain directions. The goal of this project is to use newly developed nanoparticles that have sticky pads or "hands" arranged in such a way that the particles assemble into structures that have technologically useful optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. The research could lead to new materials for manipulating light, which could be used in optical circuits for enhanced communications and computing. This project, jointly funded by DMR and CBET, also provides a rich multifaceted training for students in the increasingly technologically important areas of colloidal and nanoparticle self assembly and photonic materials. Technical Abstract:The goal of this project is to develop and study self assembly of two new classes of non-spherical colloidal particles: "patchy colloids" and "colloidal molecules." Patchy colloids are nearly spherical particles having highly symmetric directional interactions, for example colloidal spheres with four attractive pads arranged with tetrahedral symmetry on the particle surface. Colloidal molecules are high-symmetry clusters made from colloidal spheres irreversibly linked together. These include dumbbells, triangles, tetrahedra, and octahedra, as well as more exotic clusters. The fundamental motivation is to understand the role of particle shape and directional interactions for self assembly at the micron scale and below. A long-term practical motivation is to develop colloidal crystals that are useful for making complex colloidal crystals and other structures such as photonic band gap crystals. Questions to be addressed include: (1) How can directionality, strength, range, and specificity of interparticle interactions be manipulated to create new colloidal structures? (2) How do particle shapes with lower symmetry than spherical change the phase diagram of condensed phases? (3) What is the effect of external fields on particles of reduced symmetry and how can they be used to manipulate and control the self assembly and structure of these new colloids? This project, jointly funded by DMR and CBET, also provides a rich multifaceted training for students in the increasingly technologically important areas of colloidal and nanoparticle self assembly and photonic materials.

非技术摘要：该项目探讨了当代材料科学的核心目标：创建在纳米级上操纵和组装材料的方法。 虽然化学家在分子尺度上解决了此类问题，但设计和组装称为“纳米颗粒”或“胶体”的小分子聚集体的方法的发展很差。 这样的颗粒比人头发直径小的100至100,000倍，通常具有球形，表面均匀地排斥或互相碰到，它们恰好碰到。但是，为了设计有条理的有用的结构，粒子不能简单地将其首次触摸的地方粘贴，而只需要在其表面上的特定点和某些方向上互相抓住的“手”。该项目的目的是使用新开发的纳米颗粒，这些纳米颗粒具有粘性垫或“手”，以使颗粒组装成具有技术有用的光学，电气和机械性能的结构。 这项研究可能导致操纵光的新材料，可在光电路中用于增强通信和计算。该项目由DMR和CBET共同资助，还为在技术上越来越重要的胶体和纳米颗粒自组装和光子材料的学生中为学生提供了丰富的多方面培训。技术摘要：该项目的目的是开发和研究两种新的非球形胶体颗粒的自组装：“斑纹胶体”和“胶体分子”。斑点胶体几乎是具有高度对称方向相互作用的球形颗粒，例如胶体球，带有四个有吸引力的垫子，在粒子表面上排列了四面体对称性。胶体分子是由不可逆地连接在一起的胶体球制成的高对称簇。 这些包括哑铃，三角形，四面体和八面体，以及更多的异国情调簇。基本的动机是了解以微米尺度及以下自我组装的粒子形状和方向相互作用的作用。长期实际动机是开发用于使复杂的胶体晶体和其他结构（例如光子带隙晶体）有用的胶体晶体。要解决的问题包括：（1）如何操纵颗粒间相互作用的方向性，强度，范围和特异性以创建新的胶体结构？ （2）比球形更低的对称性颗粒形状如何改变凝结相的相图？ （3）外场对减少对称性的颗粒的影响是什么？如何使用它们来操纵和控制这些新胶体的自组装和结构？ 该项目由DMR和CBET共同资助，还为在技术上越来越重要的胶体和纳米颗粒自组装和光子材料的学生中为学生提供了丰富的多方面培训。