Shaping Colloids for Self Assembly

自组装成型胶体

• 批准号: 1105455
• 负责人: David Pine
• 金额: $ 39万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1105455&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Shaping; Colloids; Self; Assembly

Technical Abstract This project will explore and develop the role of particle shape in the self assembly of colloids. Until recently, the basic shapes used in colloidal self assembly have been limited to spheres and rods, which has limited colloidal structures to fcc, bcc, and a few simple variants. The inability to achieve the same richness of structures observed for atomic and molecular crystals in colloidal crystals has been brought into sharp relief by the challenge of making photonic colloidal crystals with the diamond or similar symmetries, as such crystals should exhibit full photonic band gaps. This project will focus on developing two new colloidal systems: (1) lock-and-key colloids and (2) cubic colloids. Both sets of colloids represent a significant departure from existing colloids and lead to new structures and new kinds of phase transitions. The aim is to explore the various kinds of structures that can be made using these new building blocks and to develop models that capture the basic physics controlling their formation. The depletion interaction will be used as the primary means of controlling the strength and range of the interaction. The anisotropic shapes of the particles will be exploited to generate directional and specific interactions, both of which are relatively new to colloidal science. A related goal is to develop mechanisms for precise control of the relative placement of colloids made from disparate materials, thus increasing their potential for making useful new materials, including photonic crystals, catalysts, and solar cells. The research will support the education of a PhD student in interdisciplinary science involving physics, chemistry, and materials science. Non-technical Abstract A central goal of 21st century materials science is to fabricate nanomaterials from the "bottom up" rather than relying on the traditional the "top down" approach. Thus, instead of imprinting small structures on large objects, as is typically done in top-down approaches for making computer chips, the idea is to make nanoscale components that assemble themselves from the bottom up into complex useful materials. In this bottom up approach, the small nanoscale components carry with them the information required for them to assemble into the desired structures. This project will explore strategies for bottom-up self-assembly of nanoscale objects using particle shape as the mechanism by which particles recognize each other and fit into a larger structural design, much as jigsaw puzzle pieces fit together to form a large picture. The challenge is two-fold in that new techniques to make particles with complex shapes will be developed along with design schemes for directing their assembly. These methods should be useful in developing new materials for optical switching and circuitry as well as for solar cells. This project will support the education of a graduate student in these advance techniques for careers in advanced science and technology.

技术摘要 该项目将探索和发展颗粒形状在胶体自组装中的作用。直到最近，胶体自组装中使用的基本形状仅限于球体和棒体，这将胶体结构限制为面心立方、体心立方和一些简单的变体。由于用金刚石或类似对称性制造光子胶体晶体的挑战，无法实现与胶体晶体中的原子和分子晶体观察到的相同丰富的结构已经变得更加明显，因为这种晶体应该表现出完整的光子带隙。 该项目将重点开发两种新的胶体系统：（1）锁钥匙胶体和（2）立方体胶体。两组胶体都与现有胶体显着不同，并导致新的结构和新的相变类型。目的是探索使用这些新的构建块可以制作的各种结构，并开发模型来捕获控制其形成的基本物理原理。 耗尽相互作用将用作控制相互作用的强度和范围的主要手段。 粒子的各向异性形状将被用来产生定向和特定的相互作用，这两者对于胶体科学来说都是相对较新的。一个相关的目标是开发精确控制不同材料制成的胶体相对位置的机制，从而提高其制造有用新材料（包括光子晶体、催化剂和太阳能电池）的潜力。 该研究将支持涉及物理、化学和材料科学的跨学科科学博士生的教育。非技术摘要 21 世纪材料科学的中心目标是“自下而上”制造纳米材料，而不是依赖传统的“自上而下”方法。 因此，与制造计算机芯片时通常采用自上而下的方法在大型物体上压印小型结构不同，我们的想法是制造纳米级组件，使其自下而上组装成复杂的有用材料。 在这种自下而上的方法中，小型纳米级组件携带着组装成所需结构所需的信息。 该项目将探索纳米级物体自下而上自组装的策略，利用粒子形状作为粒子相互识别并适应更大结构设计的机制，就像拼图游戏碎片拼在一起形成一幅大图一样。 挑战是双重的，即制造具有复杂形状的颗粒的新技术以及指导其组装的设计方案将被开发。 这些方法应该有助于开发用于光开关和电路以及太阳能电池的新材料。 该项目将支持研究生在这些先进技术方面的教育，以从事先进科学技术的职业。