FOR 1598: From Catchments as Organised Systems to Models based on Dynamic Functional Units - CAOS

在CAOS研究单元的第二阶段，我们将致力于建立一个整体框架，探索空间组织如何与空间异质性一起控制中等规模集水区的陆地水和能量循环。“整体性”意味着我们通过对景观形成和生物对过程和结构的控制的一般理解，以及以假设和理论为基础的方式依靠示范性实验学习，将“如何”与“为什么”联系起来。这也意味着将土壤、植被和大气作为耦合系统处理，而不是将其作为不同分区的线性组合。为了共同实现这一目标，我们提出了7个项目，这些项目将在两个总体工作包内密切合作：WP 1：将水文相似性与跨尺度景观结构联系起来WP 2：寻找合适的集水模型和组织原则在WP 1中，我们将进一步完善现有的分层多方法和多传感器设置，以搜索Attert中的功能实体，如果它们存在，以示例性方式学习哪些结构特征控制功能特性。这基本上包括识别合适的指标来区分功能和结构的相似性数据，以及识别有用的定量描述符，而模糊的术语“水文功能”。总的来说，我们的目标是综合协议，以决定“在哪里评估哪些数据的原因”，以表征水文功能在一个尺度范围内的四个数量级。在WP 2，我们将促进我们的简约，但物理上一致的模型结构，依赖于可观察到的数量和利用对称性的景观简化模型方程的假设为基础的方式。为此，我们将比较并发模型结构（其中包括CAOS模型），并努力建立一个客观模型相互比较的框架，特别强调a）不同数据/信息来源的附加值和B）关于分布式动态和积分流的预测的一致性。此外，在WP 2中，我们的目标是通过综合可检验的假设，将“如何”与“为什么”联系起来，这些假设可以解释空间组织是否按照候选组织原则进化。生态学、河流地貌学和热力学为这一问题提供了大量的候选组织原则。基于我们最近的工作，我们将特别关注热力学极限和最优性原则，如最大熵产生，探索它们对未校准水文预测的价值，并制定出测试这些原则的数据和模型的必要要求。我们特别强调了这些候选原则的可能实验证伪;还与亚利桑那州图森的B2景观演化天文台密切合作。

Within phase 2 of the CAOS research unit we will work towards a holistic framework to explore how spatial organization alongside with spatial heterogeneity controls terrestrial water and energy cycles in intermediate scale catchments. 'Holistic' means for us to link the 'how' to the 'why' by drawing from generic understanding of landscape formation and biotic controls on processes and structures as well as to rely on exemplary experimental learning in a hypothesis and theory based manner. This also implies treatment of soil, vegetation and atmosphere as coupled system rather than a linear combination of different compartments. To jointly work towards this goal we propose 7 projects which will closely cooperate within two overarching work packages:WP1: Linking hydrological similarity with landscape structure across scalesWP2: Searching for appropriate catchment models and organizing principlesWithin WP1 we will further refine the existing stratified multi-method and multi-sensor setup to search for functional entities in the Attert and, if they exist, to learn in an exemplary manner which structural features control functional characteristics. This essentially includes identification of suitable metrics to discriminate functional and structural similarity from data as well as identification of useful quantitative descriptors for the rather fuzzy term 'hydrological function'. Overall we aim to synthesize a protocol to decide 'where to assess which data for what reasons' for characterizing hydrological functioning across a scale range of four orders of magnitude.Within WP2 we will foster our distillery of parsimonious and nevertheless physically consistent model structures which rely on observable quantities and make use of symmetries in the landscape to simplify the governing model equations in a hypothesis based manner. To this end we will compare concurring model structures (among those the CAOS model) and work towards a framework for an objective model inter comparison with special emphasis on a) the added value of different data/information sources and b) on consistency of predictions with respect to distributed dynamics and integral flows.Additionally, we aim in WP2 at linking the 'how' to the 'why' by synthesizing testable hypotheses that could explain whether spatial organization has evolved in accordance with candidate organizing principles. Ecology, fluvial geomorphology and thermodynamics offer a large set of candidate organizing principles for this issue. Based on our recent work we will focus especially on thermodynamic limits and optimality principles like maximum entropy production, explore their value for uncalibrated hydrological predictions and work out the necessary requirements on data and models for testing these principles. We put special emphasis on a possible experimental falsification of these candidate principles; also in close collaboration with the B2-Landscape Evolution Observatory in Tucson, Arizona.