Collaborative Research: Changes in Lake Dynamics on the Arctic Coastal Plain of North America Over the Past Half-Century

合作研究:半个世纪以来北美北极沿岸平原湖泊动态变化

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0713822
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 11.41万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2007-09-01 至 2011-08-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

About half of the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of North America is covered with thaw lakes and the basins that form when lakes drain, making these features the dominant landscape elements and a crucial component of the Arctic system. Lake formation was apparently initiated during the warmer early Holocene, and recent evidence from the continuous permafrost zone of Western Siberia and North America suggests that thaw lakes are experiencing rapid changes in response to increasing air temperature and direct human-induced perturbations.To date, our understanding of the processes leading to thaw-lake formation, expansion, and drainage on the ACP is limited. Most process-based hydrologic and hydrodynamic studies were conducted half a century ago on lakes developed on the flat, young Outer (seaward) Coastal Plain. This region comprises only 1/3 of the ACP, and has geomorphic characteristics fundamentally different from the more extensive Inner Coastal Plain. In addition, spatial and temporal analysis of lake coverage, drainage, and morphometry (size and shape) has been largely restricted to the period since the mid-1970s when satellite images first became available. This project will make a systematic effort to collect and synthesize information on thaw-lake changes to understand the basic geomorphic processes influencing a landscape responding to climatic amelioration.A regional assessment across the ACP will be conducted using existing satellite images to detect changes in lake coverage and morphometry during the satellite era. The group will also use digital aerial photographs to extend the analysis back to ~1950 for ten subregions of the ACP, and assess temporal patterns of change. These data will be supplemented by existing spatial data sets including ground ice content, surficial sediments, vegetation and high resolution digital elevation models, which are used in a Geographic Information System modeling environment to determine if lakes are responding to warming climate in a spatially consistent manner. These analyses will be augmented by summer field studies focused on lake evaporation and shoreline erosion in three study areas. The measurement program is designed to map patterns of shoreline changes, monitor interannual variations in lake levels, and estimate energy and moisture exchange between lakes and the atmosphere.The four scientific goals and the methods that address the intellectual merits of the research are: (1) using an accurate co-registered ACP mosaic of satellite scenes from the mid-1970s and post 2000, identify and map lakes that have enlarged, contracted, or drained over the period to assess regional response to observed warming; (2) using digital versions of circa 1950 aerial photographs, analyze changes in lake morphology and coverage for the period since 1950 for ten subregions of the ACP; (3) in three study areas on a coastal-to-inland transect across the ACP, conduct intensive studies of lake energy and water budgets, evaporation, and shoreline erosion to replicate and expand on similar studies conducted during the International Geophysical Year fifty years ago; and (4) synthesize a variety of existing digital data sources including maps of ground ice content, surficial sediments, vegetation, and digital elevation data to develop causative models relating susceptibility of lake change to local landscape characteristics.
北美大约一半的北极海岸平原(ACP)覆盖着融化的湖泊和湖泊排水时形成的盆地,使这些特征成为北极系统的主要景观元素和重要组成部分。湖的形成显然是在温暖的全新世早期开始的,最近的证据表明,从西西伯利亚和北美的连续多年冻土区的解冻湖正在经历快速的变化,以应对不断增加的空气温度和直接人为引起的perturbations.To日期,我们的理解导致解冻湖的形成,扩张和排水的ACP过程是有限的。大多数基于过程的水文和水动力学研究是在半个世纪前对平坦、年轻的外(向海)沿海平原上发育的湖泊进行的。该地区仅占非加太地区的三分之一,其地貌特征与更广阔的内陆平原有着根本的不同。此外,对湖泊覆盖、排水和形态测量(大小和形状)的时空分析在很大程度上仅限于20世纪70年代中期卫星图像首次出现以来的时期。该项目将系统地收集和综合有关融化湖变化的信息,以了解影响地貌的基本地貌过程对气候改善的反应。将利用现有卫星图像对整个非加太进行区域评估,以检测卫星时代湖泊覆盖和地貌测量的变化。该小组还将使用数字航空照片,将分析范围扩大到1950年左右的非加太十个分区域,并评估变化的时间模式。这些数据将得到现有空间数据集的补充,包括地面冰含量、表层沉积物、植被和高分辨率数字高程模型,这些数据集用于地理信息系统建模环境,以确定湖泊是否以空间一致的方式对气候变暖作出反应。这些分析将通过夏季实地研究来加强,重点是三个研究领域的湖泊蒸发和海岸线侵蚀。该测量计划旨在绘制海岸线变化的模式,监测湖泊水位的年际变化,并估计湖泊和大气之间的能量和水分交换。四个科学目标和方法,解决研究的知识价值是:(1)使用20世纪70年代中期和2000年后卫星场景的精确联合注册ACP镶嵌图,识别和绘制扩大,收缩,(2)使用1950年左右航空照片的数字版本,分析1950年以来非加太十个次区域湖泊形态和覆盖范围的变化;(3)在横跨非加太的沿海-内陆样带的三个研究区,对湖泊能量和水收支、蒸发、和海岸线侵蚀,以复制和扩大五十年前在国际地球物理年期间进行的类似研究;以及(4)综合各种现有的数字数据源,包括地面冰含量、表层沉积物、植被和数字高程数据,以发展相关的湖泊变化的敏感性,当地景观特征的成因模型。

项目成果

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John Lenters其他文献

John Lenters的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('John Lenters', 18)}}的其他基金

Global patterns and long-term trends in lake temperature: A collaborative workshop to synthesize in situ and remote sensing data and analyze controlling factors
湖泊温度的全球模式和长期趋势:综合实地和遥感数据并分析控制因素的协作研讨会
  • 批准号:
    1147666
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 11.41万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Evolution of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) from the headwaters to the catchment outlet: sources, variation with scale, and differences with DOC
合作研究:从源头到流域出口的溶解性有机氮 (DON) 的演变:来源、随规模的变化以及与 DOC 的差异
  • 批准号:
    0809254
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 11.41万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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