Collaborative Research: Spatio-temporal changes in Red Sea surface hydrology and controls on deep ocean circulation since the 1700s

合作研究：1700年代以来红海表面水文学的时空变化及其对深海环流的控制

• 批准号: 2303245
• 负责人: Sujata Murty
• 金额: $ 33.98万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Albany
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2303245&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Spatio; temporal; changes

Understanding the variability and long-term trends in hydrography of the Indian Ocean and connected seas (e.g., Red Sea) has implications for predicting the impacts of changes in climate across the region. Red Sea ocean circulation is vital for Indian Ocean circulation and ecosystems. This circulation supplies oxygen to critical marine ecosystems within the Arabian Sea. Evaporation within the Red Sea also plays a fundamental role in the regional hydrologic cycle and freshwater balance. These are critical for the largely agrarian societies in the region. Yet, little is known about how Red Sea ocean circulation varies across years and decades in response to changes in climate. This project will generate four records of past climate and ocean changes using corals from across the eastern edge of the Red Sea. Chemical analyses of the cores will be compared with existing instrumental data to generate records of temperature, salinity and density that extend back 200-400 years. These climate and ocean records will provide insight into how Red Sea circulation patterns change across space and time in response to climate systems. This project will support two early career female scientists. The project will also support the next generation of graduate and undergraduate scientists. These students will receive mentoring and training in marine geochemistry and paleoclimate research. In addition, the PIs will participate in art-science outreach initiatives such as Synergy II. This includes exhibitions to showcase the potential for combining geochemistry and paleoclimate to understand past variability and future threats to vulnerable societies. This project will reconstruct Red Sea surface hydrography using comparisons of multi-century coral proxy records to examine the role of spatio-temporal climate variability in preconditioning the surface ocean for deep water formation. Specifically, the study will use measurements of δ18O and Sr/Ca in coral skeleton to reconstruct seasonal to multi-decadal variability in Red Sea sea surface salinity and temperature over the past 300 years. Links between the precursors for Red Sea deep ventilation in the north and broader surface ocean hydrography will be evaluated using comparisons of coral records spanning 6º of latitude. These records will test the hypothesis that variability in salinity of northward-flowing Red Sea surface currents serves as an indicator for the strength of deep ventilation. Linkages between the spatio-temporal perspective of surface ocean precursors for deep water ventilation and regional atmospheric and climate phenomena (Arctic Oscillation, AO; North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO) will be examined, utilizing observations and instrumental climate indices. These records of Red Sea variability will identify the surface controls of deep ocean circulation and constrain variability during periods of sustained warm/cold climate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解印度洋和相连海域水文地理的变化和长期趋势（例如，红海）对预测整个地区气候变化的影响有影响。红海海洋环流对印度洋环流和生态系统至关重要。这种环流为阿拉伯海内重要的海洋生态系统提供氧气。红海内的蒸发也在区域水文循环和淡水平衡中发挥着重要作用。这些对该区域主要以农业为主的社会至关重要。然而，人们对红海海洋环流如何在几年和几十年内变化以应对气候变化知之甚少。该项目将使用红海东部边缘的珊瑚产生过去气候和海洋变化的四个记录。将对岩心进行化学分析，并与现有仪器数据进行比较，以生成可追溯到200至400年前的温度、盐度和密度记录。这些气候和海洋记录将提供深入了解红海环流模式如何在空间和时间上变化以应对气候系统。该项目将支持两名早期职业女性科学家。该项目还将支持下一代研究生和本科生科学家。这些学生将接受海洋地球化学和古气候研究方面的指导和培训。此外，PI将参与艺术科学外展活动，如Synergy II。这包括展示地球化学和古气候相结合的潜力，以了解过去的变化和未来对脆弱社会的威胁的展览。该项目将利用多世纪珊瑚代用记录的比较重建红海表层水文地理，以研究时空气候变化在为深海形成而对表层海洋进行预处理方面的作用。具体而言，该研究将利用珊瑚骨骼中δ 18 O和Sr/Ca的测量值，重建过去300年来红海海面盐度和温度的季节性至数十年变化。将通过比较横跨6º纬度的珊瑚记录，评估北部红海深层通风的前兆与更广泛的表层海洋水文学之间的联系。这些记录将检验一个假设，即向北流动的红海表层流的盐度变化是深层通风强度的一个指标。将利用观测结果和仪器气候指数，研究深海通风的表层海洋前兆的时空观点与区域大气和气候现象（北极涛动、北大西洋涛动）之间的联系。这些红海变化的记录将确定深海环流的表面控制，并在持续的温暖/寒冷气候期间限制变化。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。