Impact of Synoptic and Mesoscale Disturbances on the Beginning and End of the Summer Melt Season Over Sea Ice

天气学和中尺度天气事件被假设为决定北极浮冰表面能量收支（SEB）的大小和符号的强迫。据信，这是通过它们对云的宏观和微观物理结构以及对北极边界层内和上方的热力学和动力学大气结构的影响而发生的。此外，这些天气事件被假设为通过其对浮冰热结构的冬季累积影响来影响夏季融化季节的开始，以确定夏季融化的强度，并在夏季融化季节开始和结束时触发气候上重要的转变。提供资金使用历史数据集来推断个别扰动对大气边界层的影响（ABL）、SEB和融化季节转换;诊断这些影响发生的过程;通过中尺度模型的诊断对触发季节转换的天气/中尺度事件进行案例研究;并使用1-D冰雪模型强迫大气观测来测试冬季天气/中尺度变暖事件对随后融化季节开始时间的影响。

Synoptic and mesoscale weather events are hypothesized to provide the forcing that determines the magnitude, and often the sign, of the Arctic pack-ice surface energy budget (SEB). This is believed to occur through their impacts on the macro and microphysical structure of clouds, and on the thermodynamic and kinematic atmospheric structure within and above the Arctic boundary layer. Furthermore, these weather events are hypothesized to affect the onset of the summer melt season through their wintertime cumulative impact on the pack ice thermal structure, to determine the intensity of the summer melt, and to trigger the climatologically important transitions at the beginning and end of the summer melt season.Funds are provided to use historical data sets to deduce the impact of individual disturbances on the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), SEB, and the melt season transitions; to diagnose the processes by which these impacts occur; to perform case studies of synoptic/mesoscale events triggering a seasonal transition through diagnoses of a mesoscale model; and to test the impacts of wintertime synoptic/mesoscale warming events on the timing of the onset of the subsequent melt season using a 1-D snow and ice model forced with atmospheric observations.