Impact of Synoptic and Mesoscale Disturbances on the Beginning and End of the Summer Melt Season Over Sea Ice

天气和中尺度天气事件被假设为提供了决定北极浮冰表面能量收支（SEB）大小和通常标志的强迫。这被认为是通过它们对云的宏观和微观物理结构的影响，以及对北极边界层内外的热力学和运动学大气结构的影响而发生的。此外，假设这些天气事件通过其冬季对浮冰热结构的累积影响来影响夏季融化季节的开始，从而确定夏季融化的强度，并触发夏季融化季节开始和结束时的重要气候转变。为利用历史数据集推断个别扰动对大气边界层（ABL）、SEB和融冰季节转变的影响提供了资金；诊断这些影响发生的过程；通过诊断中尺度模式，对触发季节转变的天气/中尺度事件进行个案研究；并利用与大气观测相结合的一维冰雪模式，测试冬季天气/中尺度变暖事件对随后融化季节开始时间的影响。

Synoptic and mesoscale weather events are hypothesized to provide the forcing that determines the magnitude, and often the sign, of the Arctic pack-ice surface energy budget (SEB). This is believed to occur through their impacts on the macro and microphysical structure of clouds, and on the thermodynamic and kinematic atmospheric structure within and above the Arctic boundary layer. Furthermore, these weather events are hypothesized to affect the onset of the summer melt season through their wintertime cumulative impact on the pack ice thermal structure, to determine the intensity of the summer melt, and to trigger the climatologically important transitions at the beginning and end of the summer melt season.Funds are provided to use historical data sets to deduce the impact of individual disturbances on the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), SEB, and the melt season transitions; to diagnose the processes by which these impacts occur; to perform case studies of synoptic/mesoscale events triggering a seasonal transition through diagnoses of a mesoscale model; and to test the impacts of wintertime synoptic/mesoscale warming events on the timing of the onset of the subsequent melt season using a 1-D snow and ice model forced with atmospheric observations.