The Integrated Behavioral Phenotype: Links Among Functionally Different Behavioral Traits

Ann赫德里克，IOS-0716332综合行为表型：不同功能行为特征之间的联系 多种行为特征之间的相关性，如交配行为，领土行为和反捕食行为，可以限制自然选择作用于动物行为的潜在变化。 因此，这些相关性可能会影响行为进化的过程。 然而，它们很少在动物的自然种群中进行研究。 本研究将探讨三种行为特征之间的相关性：交配表现，反捕食行为和战斗行为，以及这些相关性在一个自然种群的蟋蟀，蟋蟀整数。 先前的证据表明，具有更明显的交配表现（歌声）的雄性蟋蟀比不太明显的雄性蟋蟀对捕食的风险更加谨慎。 这一证据也表明，更具侵略性的男性是不那么谨慎的捕食风险比侵略性较低的男性。 该项目有三个部分，并建立在这一先前的证据。第一部分将比较交配展示和反捕食者行为的男性赢得战斗与交配展示和反捕食者行为的男性失去战斗。 这将产生新的信息之间的联系交配显示，反捕食者的行为和战斗能力，在一个自然种群的动物。 第二部分将测试的预测，更具侵略性的男性将有较低的生存在捕食者的存在比不那么积极的男性，因为他们是不谨慎的捕食风险。 最后一部分将确定雌性交配偏好是否可以预测哪些雄性会赢得战斗，并将阐明雄性攻击和雌性择偶之间的关系。该项目将有助于至少9名本科生和若干名研究生的培训和发展，其中许多人将是少数民族和妇女。该项目还将涉及国际合作，并继续参与针对弱势学童的外展计划。

Ann Hedrick, IOS-0716332The integrated behavioral phenotype: links among functionally different behavioral traits Correlations among multiple kinds of behavioral traits, such as mating behavior, territorial behavior and anti-predator behavior, can limit the potential variation in an animal''s behavior on which natural selection can act. These correlations therefore may influence the course of behavioral evolution. However, they have rarely been studied in natural populations of animals. This research will examine correlations among three behavioral traits: mating displays, anti-predator behavior and fighting behavior, as well as the consequences of these correlations in a natural population of field crickets, Gryllus integer. Previous evidence shows that male crickets with more conspicuous mating displays (songs) are more cautious about the risk of predation than males with less conspicuous displays. This evidence also suggests that more aggressive males are less cautious about predation risk than less aggressive males. The project has three parts, and builds on this prior evidence. The first part will compare the mating displays and anti-predator behavior of males that win fights with the mating displays and anti-predator behavior of males that lose fights. This will yield new information on the links between mating displays, anti-predator behavior and fighting ability in a natural population of animals. The second part will test the prediction that more aggressive males will have lower survival in the presence of predators than less aggressive males because they are less cautious about the risk of predation. The last part will determine whether female mating preferences can predict which males will win fights, and will illuminate the relationship between male aggression and female choice of mates. This project will contribute to the training and development of at least nine undergraduates and several graduate students, many of whom will be minorities and women. The project also will involve international collaboration and continued participation in an outreach program for disadvantaged schoolchildren.