The Integrated Behavioral Phenotype: Links Among Functionally Different Behavioral Traits

综合行为表型：功能性不同行为特征之间的联系多种行为特征之间的联系，如交配行为、领土行为和反捕食者行为，可以限制自然选择对动物行为的潜在影响。因此，这些相关性可能会影响行为进化的过程。然而，很少在动物的自然种群中进行研究。这项研究将研究三种行为特征之间的相关性：交配表现，反捕食者行为和战斗行为，以及这些相关性在野外蟋蟀自然种群中的结果，格里勒斯整数。先前的证据表明，有更明显的交配表现（鸣叫）的雄性蟋蟀比没有那么明显表现的雄性蟋蟀对被捕食的风险更谨慎。这一证据还表明，攻击性更强的雄性比攻击性更弱的雄性对捕食风险更不谨慎。该项目有三个部分，并建立在这个先前的证据。第一部分将比较战斗中获胜的雄性的交配表现和反捕食者行为与战斗中失败的雄性的交配表现和反捕食者行为。这将提供有关自然种群中交配表现、反捕食者行为和战斗能力之间联系的新信息。第二部分将测试这样一个预测：在有捕食者的情况下，攻击性强的雄性比攻击性弱的雄性存活率低，因为它们对被捕食的风险不那么谨慎。最后一部分将确定雌性的交配偏好是否可以预测哪些雄性会赢得战斗，并将阐明雄性侵略和雌性择偶之间的关系。这个项目将有助于培训和发展至少九名本科生和几名研究生，其中许多将是少数民族和妇女。该项目还将涉及国际合作，并继续参与弱势学童的外联方案。

Ann Hedrick, IOS-0716332The integrated behavioral phenotype: links among functionally different behavioral traits Correlations among multiple kinds of behavioral traits, such as mating behavior, territorial behavior and anti-predator behavior, can limit the potential variation in an animal''s behavior on which natural selection can act. These correlations therefore may influence the course of behavioral evolution. However, they have rarely been studied in natural populations of animals. This research will examine correlations among three behavioral traits: mating displays, anti-predator behavior and fighting behavior, as well as the consequences of these correlations in a natural population of field crickets, Gryllus integer. Previous evidence shows that male crickets with more conspicuous mating displays (songs) are more cautious about the risk of predation than males with less conspicuous displays. This evidence also suggests that more aggressive males are less cautious about predation risk than less aggressive males. The project has three parts, and builds on this prior evidence. The first part will compare the mating displays and anti-predator behavior of males that win fights with the mating displays and anti-predator behavior of males that lose fights. This will yield new information on the links between mating displays, anti-predator behavior and fighting ability in a natural population of animals. The second part will test the prediction that more aggressive males will have lower survival in the presence of predators than less aggressive males because they are less cautious about the risk of predation. The last part will determine whether female mating preferences can predict which males will win fights, and will illuminate the relationship between male aggression and female choice of mates. This project will contribute to the training and development of at least nine undergraduates and several graduate students, many of whom will be minorities and women. The project also will involve international collaboration and continued participation in an outreach program for disadvantaged schoolchildren.