Neural and behavioral trajectories of the overcontrolled phenotype: Associations with development, social context and psychiatric symptoms in early childhood

项目摘要 HPM/OC是一种转诊断表型，包括： 完美主义、对错误的极端关注、认知能力和过度的控制需求。有 越来越多的证据表明，HPM/OC表型在儿童早期是可识别的，并成为强迫症的基础， 强迫症（OCD）、社交焦虑症（SAD）和神经性厌食症（AN）。这些精神 这些疾病是严重的、慢性的、难治性的疾病，具有高的合并症发生率。但 令人惊讶的是，很少有研究调查神经生物学和行为机制， 学龄早期儿童HPM/OC表型与跨诊断精神病的发生 症状此外，尚不清楚HPM/OC表型如何与快速发育的细胞因子相互作用。 在这个年龄段的进展或受社会背景特征的影响，如社会评价，同伴 拒绝或养育方式。确定这些基本问题的答案可以深入了解 HPM/OC表型的出现，并为早期干预提供新的治疗靶点。目标 目前的建议是提高对儿童早期HPM/OC表型的理解， 强迫症和SAD的早期标志物，通过评估认知方面的发展进程， 绩效监控和被动与主动的认知控制以及社会背景的影响 精神病学的结果。我们认为构成HPM/OC表型的认知过程， 包括加强绩效监控和更被动而非主动的认知控制， 不同的社会背景，以区分早期学龄儿童与损害HPM/OC。早期学校- 年龄段是HPM/OC首次出现的时期，是认知和社会发展迅速的时期， 是理解这场演讲的发展心理病理学的关键时刻我们将采用切割- 边缘和成本有效的脑电图（EEG）事件相关电位（ERP）和时频（TF） 分析，以检查三个重复年度的多个研究领域标准（RDoC）结构 在300名社区儿童的样本中进行了评估，这些儿童被过度采样，以获得高维度HPM/OC，年龄 4 - 9年。这种细粒度的评估将提供一个机会，以表征1）HPM/OC如何 在高神经可塑性年龄期间影响RDoC结构的规范神经发育轨迹， 2)HPM/OC表型的认知方面的发育进展与转诊断 精神障碍和3）社会背景的影响，可能会影响这些关系的特点。 这一知识可能对我们理解大脑的早期神经发育产生深远的影响。 HPM/OC表型在疾病发作前，这可以告知早期识别高危儿童， 有针对性的早期干预，可以减轻多种精神疾病的严重程度，过程和损害 在整个生命周期中的疾病。

PROJECT SUMMARY Heightened performance monitoring and overcontrol (HPM/OC) is a transdiagnostic phenotype comprised of perfectionism, extreme concern for errors, cognitive inflexibility and excessive need for control. There is increasing evidence that the HPM/OC phenotype is identifiable in early childhood and underlies obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder (SAD) and anorexia nervosa (AN). These psychiatric disorders are severe, chronic, and treatment-resistant disorders with high rates of comorbidity. However, there is surprisingly little research examining the neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms that make up the HPM/OC phenotype in early school-age childhood in relation to the development of transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms. Moreover, it is unknown how the HPM/OC phenotype interacts with rapid developmental progression during this age or is influenced by social-contextual features, such as social evaluation, peer rejection or parenting styles. Determining answers to these fundamental questions could provide insight into the emergence of the HPM/OC phenotype and provide novel treatment targets for early intervention. The goal of the current proposal is to improve understanding of the HPM/OC phenotype in early childhood in relation to early markers of OCD and SAD by assessing the developmental progression of cognitive facets of performance monitoring and reactive versus proactive cognitive control and the influence of social-contextual features on psychiatric outcomes. We posit that cognitive processes that make up the HPM/OC phenotype, including heightened performance monitoring and more reactive versus proactive cognitive control, interact with various social contexts to differentiate early school-age children with impairing HPM/OC. The early school- age period is when HPM/OC is first evident and is a time of rapid cognitive and social development, making it a pivotal time to understand the developmental psychopathology of this presentation. We will employ cutting- edge and cost-effective electroencephalogram (EEG) event-related potential (ERP) and time-frequency (TF) analyses to examine multiple Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs across three repeated yearly assessments in a sample of 300 community children oversampled for elevated dimensional HPM/OC, ages spanning 4 - 9 years. This fine-grained evaluation will provide an opportunity to characterize 1) how HPM/OC impacts normative neurodevelopmental trajectories of RDoC constructs during an age of high neural plasticity, 2) the developmental progression of cognitive facets of the HPM/OC phenotype in relation to transdiagnostic psychiatric impairment and 3) the impact of social-contextual features that may influence these relationships. This knowledge could have far-reaching effects on our understanding of the early neurodevelopment of the HPM/OC phenotype prior to disorder onset, which could inform early identification of high-risk children and targeted early interventions that could lessen the severity, course and impairment of multiple psychiatric disorders across the lifespan.