Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Absentee Ownership and Common Property Resource Management: The Case of Herd Management in Rural Mongolia

博士论文改进补助金：缺席所有权和共同财产资源管理：蒙古农村畜群管理案例

• 批准号: 0719863
• 负责人: Peter Little
• 金额: $ 0.78万
• 依托单位: University of Kentucky Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0719863&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Absentee

Graduate student Daniel Murphy, under the supervision of Dr. Peter Little, will undertake research in rural Mongolia in order to examine the effect of absentee herd-ownership on the ability of local institutions to manage communal resources. The growing numbers of wealthy, market-oriented absentee herd-owners in the pastoral economy of Mongolia provides an excellent case in which to examine these issues. During 12 months of ethnographic research in a pastoral district of eastern Mongolia, the researcher will examine whether or not absentee herd-ownership weakens the ability of local resource management institutions to effectively regulate resource use. The researcher hypothesizes that: (H1) Absentee herd-owners' herd management and resource use practices are different from those utilized by other resource users due to the primacy of market-oriented production strategies in absentee herd-owner decision-making, (H2) Absentee herd-owners' herd management and resource use practices are more likely to contravene local norms of resource use and consequently are a primary cause of resource conflict, and (H3) Absentee herd-owners' herd management and resource use practices are less susceptible to enforcement and sanctioning by local resource management institutions than the practices of other resource users. The researcher will test these hypotheses by collecting a range of quantitative and qualitative data through several ethnographic methodologies, including participant observation, household surveys, interviewing, and case studies of conflict.This study will add to a growing body of detailed anthropological and social science research on the ways in which broader systematic changes affect local modes of production, resource use, and human engagement with the environment. The results of the study will also fill significant gaps in the anthropological literature on pastoralism, as few researchers have made the involvement in the pastoral economy by absentee herd-owners a central focus of study. In addition to its scholarly significance, this research also has broader policy implications. Improved knowledge on the politics of resource use in common property systems and the relationships between the state, the market and resource users is critical in order to facilitate the development of resource management models that are both flexible and powerful enough to enforce sustainable resource use. This research also will contribute to the education of a social scientist.

研究生丹尼尔·墨菲（Daniel Murphy）在彼得·利特尔（Peter Little）博士的指导下，将在蒙古农村进行研究，以研究缺席畜群所有权对当地机构管理公共资源的能力的影响。蒙古畜牧经济中越来越多富有的、以市场为导向的缺席牧民为研究这些问题提供了一个极好的案例。在蒙古东部牧区进行的为期 12 个月的民族志研究中，研究人员将研究缺席的畜群所有权是否削弱了当地资源管理机构有效监管资源使用的能力。研究人员假设：（H1）缺席牧群主的畜群管理和资源利用实践不同于其他资源使用者所采用的做法，因为市场导向的生产策略在缺席牧群主决策中占据首要地位，（H2）缺席牧群主的畜群管理和资源利用实践更有可能违反当地的资源使用规范，因此是资源冲突的主要原因，（H3） 与其他资源使用者的做法相比，缺席畜群所有者的畜群管理和资源利用做法更不易受到当地资源管理机构的强制执行和制裁。研究人员将通过几种人种学方法收集一系列定量和定性数据来检验这些假设，包括参与观察、家庭调查、访谈和冲突案例研究。这项研究将增加越来越多的详细人类学和社会科学研究，这些研究涉及更广泛的系统变化如何影响当地的生产方式、资源利用和人类与环境的关系。这项研究的结果也将填补有关畜牧业的人类学文献中的重大空白，因为很少有研究人员将缺席的牧群主对畜牧经济的参与作为研究的中心焦点。除了学术意义外，这项研究还具有更广泛的政策意义。提高对公共财产制度中资源使用政治以及国家、市场和资源使用者之间关系的了解对于促进资源管理模型的开发至关重要，这些模型既灵活又强大，足以强制可持续资源使用。这项研究也将有助于社会科学家的教育。