MRI: Acquisition of Mobile Facility for Providing High-Resolution Input to Hydrologic Observatories

MRI：采购移动设施，为水文观测站提供高分辨率输入

• 批准号: 0723145
• 负责人: Witold Krajewski
• 金额: $ 136.02万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0723145&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Acquisition; Mobile; Facility; Providing

Funds from this Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) Program grant will support acquisition of four trailer mounted x-band polarimetric/Doppler radar systems by the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Iowa. The dual polarization radar design will allow for high spatial (1.5 deg beamwidth or ca. 250 m2 pixels at 10 km range) and temporal (ca. 1-2 minute scan times) remote sensing of rainfall distribution/rate, the 3-D wind field and to discriminate between rainfall, hail and snow over regions of 10-30 km2. Four complete custom-built mobile x-band (3 cm wavelength) radar systems will be built by ProSensing Inc. The systems will include the 6 ft. diameter radar antennae and elevation and azimuth variable pedestals. These systems will be mounted on truck trailers equipped with hydraulic leveling systems and on board 120 VAC generators. The mobile radar network will support meteorological and hydrologic research requiring high resolution observations of precipitation variability within regional storm cells. Research on multiple fronts of current interest in meteorology and hydrology will benefit from the proposed radar network including: 1) fundamental studies of uncertainty in radar measurement of rainfall parameters in gauged basins; 2) multi-radar and LiDAR imaging of rainfall events to study non-linear scaling effects between the range of the national NEXRAD (Next Generation Radar) s-band network (avg 4 km2 pixel resolution, maximum range of reflectivity ~ 230 km) and elastic scanning LiDAR (meter scale pixel resolution; range = 1-2 km); 3) studies of the effects of urbanization on meteorological and hydrologic processes; 4) flood prediction in ungauged basins; and 5) soil erosion processes. A better understanding of the relationships between storm events and hydrologic system dynamics of watersheds have clear societal relevance for water and soil resources management and hazards mitigation. The mobile radar network will facilitate collaborative research across the disciplines of meteorology and watershed hydrology and the equipment will be made available to external users. Data acquired will be wirelessly transmitted in real-time and will ultimately be made available for community access. Students will be engaged in the use and development of the radar system through the creation of courses in remote sensing and radar applications in both the departments of Civil Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering. The PI's are active in the University of Iowa Alliance for Graduate Education and Professoriate (AGEP) program for which the primary goal is to significantly increase the number of PhD degrees awarded to underrepresented U.S. minority students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. AGEP supports summer internships for students to provide them with hands-on research experiences.

这项主要研究仪器 (MRI) 计划赠款的资金将支持爱荷华大学土木与环境工程系购买四个拖车安装的 x 波段偏振/多普勒雷达系统。 双偏振雷达设计将允许对降雨分布/速率、3D风场进行高空间（1.5度波束宽度或10公里范围内约250平方米像素）和时间（约1-2分钟扫描时间）遥感，并区分10-30平方公里区域的降雨、冰雹和雪。 ProSensing Inc. 将建造四个完整的定制移动 x 波段（3 厘米波长）雷达系统。这些系统将包括直径 6 英尺的雷达天线以及仰角和方位角可变基座。 这些系统将安装在配备液压调平系统和车载 120 VAC 发电机的卡车拖车上。 移动雷达网络将支持需要对区域风暴单元内降水变化进行高分辨率观测的气象和水文研究。 当前气象学和水文学感兴趣的多个前沿研究将受益于拟议的雷达网络，包括：1）测量流域降雨参数的雷达测量不确定性的基础研究； 2) 降雨事件的多雷达和激光雷达成像，研究国家 NEXRAD（下一代雷达）s 波段网络（平均 4 平方公里像素分辨率，最大反射率范围约 230 公里）和弹性扫描激光雷达（米级像素分辨率；范围 = 1-2 公里）范围之间的非线性标度效应； 3）城市化对气象水文过程影响的研究； 4）未计量流域的洪水预测； 5）土壤侵蚀过程。 更好地了解风暴事件与流域水文系统动态之间的关系对于水土资源管理和灾害缓解具有明确的社会意义。 移动雷达网络将促进气象学和流域水文学跨学科的合作研究，并且设备将向外部用户提供。 获取的数据将实时无线传输，并最终可供社区访问。 学生将通过在土木工程系和电气与计算机工程系开设遥感和雷达应用课程，参与雷达系统的使用和开发。 PI 积极参与爱荷华大学研究生教育和教授联盟 (AGEP) 计划，该计划的主要目标是大幅增加授予科学、技术、工程和数学领域代表性不足的美国少数族裔学生的博士学位数量。 AGEP 支持学生暑期实习，为他们提供实践研究经验。