SDCI Data New: Trust Management for Open Collaborative Information Repositories: The CalSWIM Cyberinfrastructure

SDCI数据新：开放协作信息库的信任管理：CalSWIM网络基础设施加州大学欧文分校的ristina Videira Lopes (PI), Michael Goodrich（联合PI）和Stanley Grant（联合PI）与布朗大学的Roberto Tamassia（分包商）加州可持续流域信息管理器（CalSWIM: http://calswim.org）是一个支持南加州流域信息传播和分析的网络基础设施。CalSWIM提供流域利益相关者？科学家、监管机构和公众？访问流监测数据和相关GIS地理空间数据，以及使用不同复杂程度的建模工具分析数据的能力。像许多其他科学网络基础设施一样，CalSWIM网站一直是一个封闭的基础设施，也就是说，它的更新由少数人控制，任何对它的修改都需要懂网络的专业人士的干预。这个模型并没有达到CalSWIM项目的目标。为了使这个网络基础设施可持续、可扩展、外延和不断更新，我们目前正在将CalSWIM转变为一个开放的协作信息存储库，以wiki的形式，具有先进的内容管理功能，包括数据库、GIS层和其他形式的数字数据。通过以wiki的方式打开CalSWIM，我们授权领域专家直接更新站点，而不需要他们具有web编程知识。我们还提供了一个框架，让公众参与到这个过程中来，从而受益于公众对内容的批判性监督，以及在封闭的基础设施中无法发生的宝贵的志愿者贡献。目前的工作旨在创建一个可公开更新的百科全书？一切都是分水岭？包括加州所有的流域。像我们正在开发的这样的开放信息基础设施有时会遭到用户的怀疑。维基百科混乱的本质？一个最可见的协作信息库？将不适用于支持科学和监管信息协作的开放式网络基础设施。只有在其设计中考虑到信任问题，CalSWIM wiki才会成功。信任是一个基于个人和社会因素的复杂概念，包括对数据安全的保证、对数据来源的了解、对作者声誉的了解，以及在不受控制的环境中对作者归属（引用和引用）的保证。该项目将在开放信息存储库（如CalSWIM wiki）之上设计、开发和部署一个信任层，这将最大限度地减少低质量信息的存在，并最大限度地减少恶意信息操纵的影响。我们的方法是基于访问控制系统、声誉管理系统和数据完整性算法的混合。更具体地说，该项目的产出将是：(1)一个新的信任管理模型，专门设计用于解决协作科学和监管信息库的需求，其中数据的添加和数据分析的创建对科学家、监管机构、利益团体和公众开放。此信任模型将作为软件包实现，并将作为开放源代码公开提供。(2)一种基于加密哈希函数和校验的新方法和可视化系统，用于确保在非受控环境中使用（即引用）的数据的完整性。(3)在一个特定的网络基础设施CalSWIM中具体部署前两个项目，并评估它们在管理信任方面的有效性。尽管CalSWIM wiki是部署信任管理组件的具体网络基础设施，但本项目开发的信任管理组件可以应用于各种共享CalSWIM属性的协作信息存储库。即科学家、监管机构和公众之间基于数据的合作。我们将传播这个项目的结果，并通过使用开源模型和通过向那些可以从采用这个模型中受益的组织进行扩展的努力，使它广泛地提供给其他团体。

SDCI Data New: Trust Management for Open Collaborative Information Repositories: The CalSWIM CyberinfrastructureCristina Videira Lopes (PI), Michael Goodrich (co-PI), and Stanley Grant (co-PI) of University of California, Irvine, with Roberto Tamassia (subcontractor) of Brown UniversityThe California Sustainable Watershed Information Manager (CalSWIM: http://calswim.org) is a cyberinfrastructure supporting the dissemination and analysis of watershed information in Southern California. CalSWIM provides watershed stakeholders ? scientists, regulators, and the general public ? access to stream monitoring data and relevant GIS geospatial data, and the ability to analyze data with modeling tools of varying sophistication. Like so many other scientific cyberinfrastructures, the CalSWIM web site has been a closed infrastructure, i.e. its update has been controlled by a small number of individuals, and any changes to it require the intervention of web-knowledgeable professionals. This model does not scale to the ambition of the CalSWIM project. In order to make this cyberinfrastructure sustainable, expandable, outreaching, and continually up-to-date, we are currently transforming CalSWIM into an Open Collaborative Information Repository, in the form of a wiki with advanced content management features, including databases, GIS layers, and other forms of digital data. By opening CalSWIM in a wiki manner, we empower the domain experts to update the site directly, without requiring them to have web programming knowledge. We also provide a framework for engaging the general public in the process, therefore benefiting from the public's critical supervision of the content, and from valuable volunteer contributions that cannot occur in a closed infrastructure. The current work aims at creating a publicly updatable encyclopedia of ?all things watershed? that includes all watersheds in California. Open information infrastructures such as the one we are developing are sometimes met with skepticism from their users. The chaotic nature of Wikipedia ? one the most visible collaborative information repositories ? will not be appropriate for open cyberinfrastructures supporting collaboration over scientific and regulatory information. The CalSWIM wiki will only succeed if issues of trust are taken into consideration in its design. Trust is a complex concept based on personal and social factors, that includes assurances about data security, knowledge about data provenance, knowledge about authors' reputations, and assurances about author attribution (citations and quotations) in uncontrolled contexts. This project will design, develop, and deploy a trust layer on top of open information repositories, such as the CalSWIM wiki, that will minimize the existence of poor-quality information and also minimize the effect of malicious information manipulation. Our approach is based on a mixture of access control systems, reputation management systems, and data integrity algorithms. More specifically, the outputs of this project will be: (1) A new trust management model specifically designed to address the needs of collaborative scientific and regulatory information repositories, where the addition of data and the creation of data analyses is open to scientists, regulatory agencies, interest groups, and the general public. This trust model will be implemented as a software package, and it will be made publicly available as open source. (2) A new method and visualization system for ensuring the integrity of data used (i.e., ?quoted?) in uncontrolled contexts based on cryptographic hash functions and prooflets. (3) A concrete deployment of the previous two items in one specific cyberinfrastructure, CalSWIM, along with an assessment of how effective they are in managing trust.Although the CalSWIM wiki is the concrete cyberinfrastructure on which this trust management component will be deployed, the trust management component developed in this project can be applied to a variety of Collaborative Information Repositories that share the properties of CalSWIM ? namely, data-based collaboration between scientists, regulatory agencies, and the general public. We will disseminate the results of this project and make it widely available to other groups by using the open source model and by making an outreach effort to those organizations that could benefit from adopting this model.