CZO: Spatial and temporal integration of carbon and mineral fluxes: a whole watershed approach to quantifying anthropogenic modification of critical zone carbon sequestration.

CZO：碳和矿物通量的时空整合：量化关键区域碳固存的人为改变的整个分水岭方法。

• 批准号: 0724971
• 负责人: Donald Sparks
• 金额: $ 431.56万
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-10-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0724971&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CZO; Spatial; temporal; integration; carbon

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). Intellectual Merit of the Proposed Activity: Earth moving by humans associated with agriculture, urbanization, and excavation re-contours entire landscapes and constitutes a major geological force within the critical zone of planet Earth. The Critical Zone, defined as the terrestrial layer extending from tree tops through the groundwater and into stream networks, sustains most terrestrial life on the planet. At a greater rate than ever in Earth?s history, erosion and excavation expose sub-soil materials and unweathered minerals, which mix into and within soils, and are transported as sediment loads through river networks from headwaters to estuaries. To quantify the impacts on the global carbon cycle of humans as geological agents, a multidisciplinary team of scientists from University of Delaware (UD) and Stroud Water Research Center (SWRC) will establish a Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) within the 1440 km2 Christina River drainage basin (CRB/CZO). Scientific investigations within the CRB/CZO, located in SE Pennsylvania and N. Delaware and straddling unglaciated Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic provinces, will test the following overarching hypothesis: Humans, by accelerating the introduction of minerals into biologically and chemically active zones significantly enhance the interactions between minerals and organic matter and create globally significant impacts on the exchange of carbon between land and the atmosphere.The human footprint within the CRB/CZO spans centuries and current land uses include second growth forests, agriculture, and suburban and urban development This provides an ideal natural laboratory in which we will investigate fundamental biological, chemical, and geological processes within the critical zone along a gradient of human impacts. We will particularly focus on the sources, transport and fates of water, sediments and carbon from uplands to inland waters and from inland waters to the coastal zone. The CRB/CZO will utilize cutting edge technologies for real-time gathering of hydrological, physical and chemical data and advances in cyber-infrastructure that seamlessly merge real-time data with state-of-the-art graphics tools to provide timely open access to quality controlled data and supporting materials. Field installations and data management advances will enhance an extensive existing network of stations used for monitoring water flow and water chemistry within the CRB basin, including Delaware Coastal Waters, and will build upon a solid foundation of decades of research conducted by UD, SWRC, and numerous state, federal, and non-governmental agencies.Broader impacts of the proposed activity: The proposed CRB/CZO will serve as a resource to the greater scientific community through open access to data and opportunities for research projects that take advantage of the enhanced monitoring network. The new Delaware Environmental Institute (DENIN), located at UD and DE Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) will partner with the CRB/CZO on outreach activities. Public outreach to stake holders within the Christina Basin is a critical step in making CRB/CZO data available to policy makers. Strong ties between UD and Delaware state agencies will enhance the sharing of environmental data and will provide outreach to the public and policy makers. Some of our outreach will be coordinated through the Water Resources Agency, part of the UD Institute for Public Administration. The Christina Basin Water Quality Management Committee, which includes representatives from 15 federal, state, and local environmental resource agencies, hosts an annual series of public workshops to identify the science needs of policy makers. We will incorporate science results from the CRB/CZO into these workshops with the goal of providing a direct interface between science and public policy. The SWRC maintains 4 full-time staff members to translate our research into educational programs for middle- and high schoolaged students, teachers, and citizen/conservation groups. Graduate students who are involved with the CRB/CZO will be advised by multidisciplinary team of scientists associated with the DENIN and with scientists at SWRC. Collaborations with other academic and federal agency personnel will further enhance interdisciplinary research, student education, and public outreach.

该奖项是根据2009年《美国复苏和再投资法案》(公法111-5)提供资金的。拟议活动的智力价值：与农业、城市化和挖掘相关的人类对地球的移动重新绘制了整个地貌的轮廓，并构成了地球临界区内的主要地质力量。临界区，定义为从树顶延伸到地下水并进入河流网络的陆地层，维持着地球上大多数陆地生命。在地球上，侵蚀和挖掘的速度比以往任何时候都要快？侵蚀和挖掘暴露了地下物质和未风化的矿物，它们混合在土壤中并在土壤中，以泥沙的形式从源头通过河网输送到河口。为了量化作为地质代理人的人类对全球碳循环的影响，来自特拉华大学(UD)和斯特劳德水研究中心(SWRC)的一个多学科科学家团队将在1440平方公里的克里斯蒂纳河流域(CRB/CZO)内建立一个临界区天文台(CZO)。CRB/CZO位于宾夕法尼亚州东南部和特拉华州北部，横跨未冰川的山前和海岸平原地形省份，其内部的科学调查将检验以下总体假设：人类通过加速将矿物引入生物和化学活动区，显著增强矿物和有机物之间的相互作用，并对陆地和大气之间的碳交换产生全球重大影响。CRB/CZO内的人类足迹跨越几个世纪，目前的土地利用包括次生林、农业以及郊区和城市发展，这提供了一个理想的自然实验室，在其中我们将沿着人类影响的梯度研究关键区域内的基本生物、化学和地质过程。我们将特别关注水、沉积物和碳从高地到内陆水域和从内陆水域到沿海地区的来源、运输和命运。CRB/CZO将利用尖端技术实时收集水文、物理和化学数据，并利用网络基础设施的进步，将实时数据与最先进的图形工具无缝结合，以及时开放访问质量受控数据和辅助材料。现场设施和数据管理的进步将加强CRB盆地(包括特拉华州海岸水域)内用于监测水流和水化学的广泛现有站网络，并将建立在UD、SWRC和许多州、联邦和非政府机构进行的数十年研究的坚实基础上。拟议活动的广泛影响：拟议的CRB/CZO将通过开放获取数据和利用增强的监测网络的研究项目的机会，向更多的科学界提供资源。新成立的特拉华州环境研究所(DENIN)将与CRB/CZO合作开展外展活动。向克里斯蒂娜盆地的利益相关者公开宣传是向决策者提供CRB/CZO数据的关键一步。UD和特拉华州机构之间的紧密联系将加强环境数据的共享，并将向公众和政策制定者提供外联服务。我们的一些外展活动将通过UD公共行政研究所下属的水资源局进行协调。克里斯蒂娜盆地水质管理委员会包括来自15个联邦、州和地方环境资源机构的代表，每年举办一系列公开研讨会，以确定政策制定者的科学需求。我们将把CRB/CZO的科学成果纳入这些讲习班，目的是在科学和公共政策之间提供直接的接口。SWRC拥有4名全职工作人员，将我们的研究转化为针对初中生、教师和公民/保护团体的教育项目。参与CRB/CZO的研究生将得到与Denin和SWRC的科学家有关的多学科科学家团队的建议。与其他学术和联邦机构人员的合作将进一步加强跨学科研究、学生教育和公共宣传。