Collaborative Research: Analysis of the INSTANT Observations of the Indonesian Throughflow

印度尼西亚通流（ITF）是太平洋和印度洋以及气候系统的热量和淡水收支的一个基本组成部分，但在海洋和气候模式中对它的观测和模拟很少。在过去，主要的通流通道一直受到监测，但监测的年份不同，时间长短也不同，因此不可能同时对空气流动基金的多条走廊进行监测。来自印度尼西亚、法国、荷兰、美国和澳大利亚的研究人员参与了INSTANT项目，目前已经收集了3年（2003年12月- 2006年12月）的洋流、温盐层和浅层压力计数据，这些数据来自一系列系泊设施，这些系泊设施直接测量了从望加锡海峡和Lifamatola通道的太平洋水入口到努沙登加拉进入印度洋的出口通道的ITF。在这个项目中，美国研究人员将与国际团队合作，对这个综合的ITF数据集进行分析。INSTANT的现场数据和同步卫星数据将用于实现INSTANT的目标，即对热带热场、其变率及其与远距离、区域和当地强迫的关系建立定量看法。利用INSTANT数据集，我们可以对平均ITF和相关的质量和性质通量在季节内、季节和年际时间尺度上的变异性提供有意义的估计，这些都是INSTANT计划的目标。此外，INSTANT ITF时间序列将用于与一系列模型的输出进行比较，以评估这些模型在模拟ITF方面的技能。INSTANT的直接测量将有助于形成必要的算法并使之真实，以便将区域现场和卫星数据转换为国际间气候变化的代用数据，作为有效的长期监测战略的组成部分。知识价值：对ITF行为的定量认识对广泛的海洋和气候研究具有根本性的重要性。确定的INSTANT ITF数据集将允许对ITF的模式模拟及其与大尺度和区域海洋和气候条件的联系进行定量评价。根据需要，INSTANT测量将作为长期代理监测系统的基础，以捕获低频ITF变率。更广泛的影响：作为INSTANT教育和推广部分的一部分，建议举办一系列讲习班，使来自印度尼西亚、美国和其他国际合作伙伴的学生和博士后受益。能力建设活动包括印度尼西亚/东帝汶学生到SIO和LDEO进行培训访问，以进行即时分析，并支持LDEO的一名印度尼西亚研究生。利用INSTANT数据验证模型将有利于广泛的海洋、气候和管理需求。该项目是对美国CLIVAR（气候变率和可预测性）计划的贡献。

OCE-0725935The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is a fundamental component of the heat and freshwater budgets of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and of the climate system, yet it is poorly observed and simulated in ocean and climate models. In the past, the main throughflow passages have been monitored but over different years and for varied lengths of time, making it impossible to assemble a simultaneous picture of the multiple corridors of the ITF. The INSTANT program, involving researchers from Indonesia, France, the Netherlands, United States and Australia, has now gathered 3 years (December 2003-December 2006) of current, thermohaline stratification and shallow pressure gauge data from an array of moorings that directly measure the ITF from the intake of Pacific water at Makassar Strait and Lifamatola Passage, to the Nusa Tenggara exit channels into the Indian Ocean.In this project US researchers will pursue, in collaboration with the international team the analysis of this comprehensive ITF data set. The INSTANT in situ data along with coincident satellite data will be used to meet the INSTANT goal of developing a quantitative view of the ITF, its variability and its relationship to remote, regional and local forcing. With the INSTANT data set, we can provide meaningful estimates of the mean ITF and the variability of the associated mass and property fluxes over intra-seasonal, seasonal and inter-annual time scales, all objectives of the INSTANT program. Additionally the INSTANT ITF time series will be used for comparison to output from an array of models to evaluate the skill of these models at simulating aspects of the ITF. The direct measurements of INSTANT will help to mold and ground-truth the required algorithms necessary to convert regional in situ and satellite data into ITF transport proxies as a component of an effective long-term monitoring strategy.Intellectual Merit: Quantitative knowledge of the behavior of the ITF is of fundamental importance to a wide range of ocean and climate research. The definitive INSTANT ITF data set will allow for quantitative evaluation of model simulation of the ITF and its links with large scale and regional ocean and climate conditions. The INSTANT measurements will serve as the basis of a long-term proxy monitoring system as required to capture the low-frequency ITF variability.Broader Impacts: As part of the INSTANT educational and outreach component a series of workshops are proposed that will be of benefit to students and post-docs from Indonesia, the USA, and other international partners. Capacity building activities include training visits by Indonesian/East Timor students to SIO and LDEO to work on INSTANT analysis, and support for an Indonesian graduate student at LDEO. Validation of the models with the INSTANT data will benefit a wide range of ocean, climate, and management needs.This project is a contribution to the US CLIVAR (CLImate VARiability and predictability) Program.