Foundations of Coverage and Connectivity for Wireless Sensor Networks Deployed in Thin Strips

摘要：在一些现实场景中，无线传感器可能部署在狭长地带，例如在国际边界部署传感器以检测非法入侵，在森林周围部署传感器以检测森林火灾的蔓延，在化工厂周围部署无线传感器以检测致命化学物质的传播，或者在长天然气管道的两边部署传感器以检测潜在的破坏。大多数现有的关于覆盖和连通性的工作不适用于这些带状部署区域，因为它们经常忽略部署区域的边界。此外，现有的大多数关于随机部署的覆盖和连通性的工作只提供了渐近的结果，而没有给出可靠的数值条件来确定在有限区域内充分覆盖所需的密度。该项目旨在为在薄带地区部署无线传感器时覆盖和连接奠定坚实的基础。为了实现这一目标，本项目正在研究三种传感器全向传感器、定向传感器(如激光和相机)和移动传感器的覆盖和连接特性。该项目使用严格的数学分析来得出精确的数字估计，以实现随机部署的覆盖和连接。它还在研究关键网络活动的优化算法(包括集中式和分布式版本)，例如覆盖/连通性验证、传感器故障时的覆盖恢复以及确定休眠唤醒计划以实现网络寿命最大化。该项目开发的用于得出精确密度估计的新技术使覆盖和连接结果易于在现实生活中使用，从而弥合了理论和实践之间的差距。该项目正在为薄带覆盖和连接创建全面的基础，预计将使无线传感器的周边安全变得更加实用。

Abstract: In several real-life scenarios, wireless sensors may be deployed in thin strip regions, such as when deploying sensors along international borders to detect illegal intrusion, around forests to detect the spread of forest fire, around a chemical factory to detect the spread of lethal chemicals, or on both sides of a long gas pipeline to detect potential sabotage. Most existing work on coverage and connectivity are not applicable to these strip deployment regions since they often ignore the boundaries of the deployment region. Further, most existing work on coverage and connectivity for random deployments provide only asymptotic results, and do not give reliable numerical conditions for determining the density required for adequate coverage in finite regions. This project is aimed at establishing a strong foundation for coverage and connectivity when wireless sensors are deployed in thin strip regions. To achieve this goal, this project is investigating the coverage and connectivity properties for three kinds of sensors omnidirectional sensors, directional sensors (such as lasers and cameras), and mobile sensors. The project uses rigorous mathematical analysis to derive precise numerical estimates for achieving coverage and connectivity for random deployments. It is also investigating optimal algorithms (both centralized and distributed versions) for critical network activities such as coverage/connectivity verification, coverage restoration upon sensor failures, and sleep-wakeup schedule determination for network lifetime maximization. The new techniques developed in this project for deriving precise density estimates make the coverage and connectivity results readily usable in real-life, thus bridging the gap between theory and practice. The comprehensive foundation for coverage and connectivity for thin strips being created in this project is expected to make perimeter security with wireless sensors more practical.