NeTS-NOSS: Collaborative Research: Doing More with Less: Tracking Movements Using a Sparse Sensor Network

全覆盖模型是无线传感器网络中普遍采用的一种模型，即部署区域内的每一点都必须被至少一个传感器覆盖。对于涉及跟踪大规模移动的应用，例如跟踪小偷和劫匪带着被盗物品逃跑，跟踪森林中的动物，以及跟踪森林火灾的蔓延，使用全覆盖模型使得传感器部署过于昂贵。目前没有健全的模型，可以用于系统部署这样的大规模applications.This项目提出了一种新的覆盖模型称为陷阱覆盖，可用于稀疏传感器网络的系统部署，同时确保频繁的跟踪感兴趣的运动。现有的理论和系统的工作是不适用于这个新的模型，因为固有的稀疏性的网络隐含的陷阱覆盖模型。该项目的总体目标是为所有大规模运动跟踪应用奠定坚实的基础，并解决此类应用中面临的关键系统问题。该项目采用严格的数学分析，在大规模传感器网络测试平台上进行实验，并在校园范围内部署名为AutoWitness的对象跟踪系统，以设计，开发和评估该项目中开发的算法和协议。除了为本科生和研究生提供构建真实的无线传感器网络的实践研究经验外，AutoWitness系统还有望帮助减少大学校园内的财产盗窃。

The full coverage model, where every point in the deployment region must be covered by at least one sensor, is pervasive in the wireless sensor network community. For applications that involve tracking movements at large scale such as tracking of thieves and robbers fleeing with stolen objects, tracking of animals in forests, and tracking the spread of forest fire, using the full coverage model makes sensor deployment prohibitively expensive. No sound model currently exists that can be used for systematic deployment of such large scale applications.This project proposes a novel model of coverage called Trap Coverage that can be used for systematic deployment of sparse sensor networks, while ensuring frequent tracking of movements of interest. Most existing theoretical and systems work are not applicable to this new model because of the inherent sparsity of the network implied by the trap coverage model. The overall goal of this project is to establish a strong foundation for all large scale movement tracking applications and address the key systems issues faced in such applications. The project applies rigorous mathematical analysis, experimentation on a large scale sensor network testbed, and real-life deployment of a campus-wide object tracking system called AutoWitness to design, develop, and evaluate the algorithms and protocols developed in this project. In addition to providing hands-on research experience to undergraduate and graduate students in building a real wireless sensor network, the AutoWitness system is expected to help reduce property thefts in a university campus.