Choosing Careers in Science and Math: An Integrated Approach

智力价值：职业选择是一个复杂过程的结果，受到多种因素的影响：1)社会背景影响，如课堂环境和文化上共有的性别刻板印象；2)人的属性特征，如数学和科学能力以及个人性别图式；3)生活目标，特别是与工作、婚姻和家庭有关的目标。做出职业决策的个人必须整合所有三个领域的信息，然而研究人员很少超越他们自己的研究范式的结构。这阻碍了对为什么一些有能力的女孩选择科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)职业而其他女孩不选择的解释的发展。这项研究整合了三个广泛的研究领域(社会背景、个人属性和生活目标)，系统地评估了这些因素在四个关键教育过渡点：从小学过渡到中学、从初中过渡到高中、在高中结束时和大学开始时在职业选择中的相对重要性。然后，将现有的课堂计划与研究结果相对应，以确定促进人们对STEM职业兴趣的战略，这些战略可能在不同的教育阶段最有效。更广泛的影响：侧重于教育和发展转型的研究使STEM教育项目尤其受益，因为这些项目与女孩在学校不同时间点的兴趣和需求相匹配，将课堂实践与最终的STEM职业选择联系起来。该项目的一个主要目标是让教育工作者了解在教育的不同时间点，哪些课堂策略和课外计划最有效地促进STEM职业选择。在一个咨询小组的协助下，该研究计划呼吁创建一个简编，将研究结果转化为关键问题，以支持在不同教育时间点对STEM职业的兴趣，并确定解决这些问题的资源。最终产品将在《课堂联系指南：缩小性别差距》中介绍，该指南将通过专业发展计划、教师培训、在国家专业会议上的演讲以及向阿拉巴马大学和其他大学的STEM学院教授、院长和行政人员广泛传播。

Intellectual Merit: Career choices are the result of a complex process and are influenced by a myriad of factors: 1) social-contextual influences such as classroom environment and culturally shared gender stereotypes, 2) person-attribute characteristics such as math and science ability and personal gender schemas, and 3) life goals, especially those related to work, marriage, and family. The individual making a career decision must integrate information from all three areas, yet researchers rarely reach beyond constructs in their own research paradigm. This hinders the development of an explanation of why some capable girls choose science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers and others do not. This research integrates the three broad areas of research (social-contextual, person-attribute, and life goals) by systematically assessing the relative importance of these factors in career choices during four key educational transition points: Transition from grade school to middle school, transition from middle school to high school, at the end of high school, and at the start of college. Existing classroom programs are then mapped on to the research findings to identify strategies for promoting interest in STEM careers that are likely to be most effective at different points in education. Broader Impacts: Research focusing on educational and developmental transitions especially benefits STEM education programs by matching these programs with the interests and needs of girls at different time points in schooling, connecting classroom practices to eventual STEM career choices. A main goal of this project is to inform educators about which classroom strategies and extracurricular programs are most effective for enhancing STEM career choices at different time points in education. With the assistance of an advisory panel, the research plan calls for the creation of a compendium that translates the research findings into key issues for supporting interest in STEM careers at different educational time points and identifies resources to address these issues. The end product is presented in the Classroom Connections Guide: Closing the Gender Gap that will be widely disseminated through professional development programs, teacher training, presentations at national professional meetings as well as to STEM college professors, deans, and administrative staff at the University of Alabama and other universities.