CEDAR: Low and Mid Latitude Imager Observations of Waves and Wave-Induced Phenomena in the Airglow

80至100公里的高度区域，通常称为MALT（上中间层和低热层），是大气中的一个区域，其中平均状态主要由波和波驱动过程控制。 与波浪破碎有关的波浪不稳定性在MALT中起着关键作用，引起波浪动量沉积和涡动混合。 这些过程的表征是必不可少的MALT区域的全面理解和建模。 现代的自动气辉成像仪为研究各种波和不稳定性提供了一个独特的平台，并且能够在很长一段时间内几乎连续地收集数据，这对气候研究至关重要。 该项目将提供多项测量和观测分析，以解决有关波和不稳定性在MALT中的作用的突出问题：（A）哪种类型的不稳定性，对流或动力，与气辉图像中存在的不稳定性更好地相关？(B)在气辉图像中，倏逝波有多常见？它们是否与参数不稳定性有关，和/或它们是否与对流形成的波纹有关？(C)重力波对澳大利亚地区MALT的气辉温度和强度气候学有多大影响？它们的变异性是否与观测值和TIME-GCM模式之间的差异相关？(D)大气重力波的气辉观测能区分本地或远距离对流源吗？(E)异常强烈的气辉或强烈的中间层孔的周期与重力波或行星波（如两日波）对背景状态的修改有何关系？来自三个现有航空航天成像仪的气辉数据将用于解决这些问题。 一个单独的成像仪将与升级后的伊利诺伊大学激光雷达协调部署，该激光雷达将重新部署到智利Cerro Tololo附近的一个地点。 该成像仪以前曾在MauiMALT活动期间使用过;该成像仪与改进的激光雷达一起继续运行，预计将在该成功活动期间获得的结果基础上有所改善。 其余两台成像仪将留在澳大利亚的阿德莱德和爱丽丝泉。 在过去的五年里，这些成像仪几乎连续运行，在澳大利亚独特的地区产生了大量的气候和重力波数据。 一台激光雷达将很快被添加到阿德莱德的地面仪器套件中，该套件目前包括雷达和气辉光谱仪。 因此，澳大利亚站点为MALT区域的多仪器和多成像仪观测提供了独特的机会。 该项目的广泛影响包括：（1）建立和维护先进气辉成像仪的基础设施;（2）通过网站向整个科学界提供观测数据库，包括用于学生论文研究的数据;（3）与美国和国际科学家合作，鼓励获得各种数据集和资源;（4）支持在成像仪地点进行的其他协调的多仪器调查;（5）期刊出版物和科学报告。

The 80 to 100 km altitude regime, commonly known as the MALT (upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere), is a region of the atmosphere where the mean-state is largely controlled by waves and wave-driven process. Wave instabilities related to wave breakdown play a key role in the MALT, inducing the deposition of wave momentum deposition and eddy mixing. Characterization of these processes is essential for comprehensive understanding and modeling of the MALT region. Modern, automated airglow imagers provide a unique platform for studying a wide range of waves and instabilities and are able to collect data nearly continuously over long periods of time, which is essential for climatological studies. This project will provide multiple measurements and observational analyses that address outstanding questions concerning the role of wave and instabilities in the MALT: (A) Which type of instability, convective or dynamic, is better correlated with the presence of instabilities in airglow images? (B) How common are evanescent waves in airglow images? Can they be related to parametric instability, and/or are they correlated with the presence of convectively-formed ripples? (C) How significantly do gravity waves affect the airglow temperature and intensity climatology of the MALT in the Australian sector? Does their variability correlate with differences between observations and the TIME-GCM model? (D) Can airglow observations of atmospheric gravity waves distinguish between local or distant convective sources? (E) How are periods of unusually intense airglow or strong mesospheric bores related to gravity waves or modifications of the background state by planetary waves, such as the two-day wave?Airglow data from three existing Aerospace imagers will be used to address these questions. A single imager will be deployed in coordination with the upgraded University of Illinois lidar, which will be redeployed to a site near Cerro Tololo Chile. This imager was previously used during the MauiMALT campaign; continuing operation of the imager with the improved lidar is expected to improve upon results obtained during that successful campaign. The remaining two imagers will remain in Adelaide and Alice Springs, Australia. These imagers have been operating nearly continuously for the past five years, yielding a vast amount of climatological and gravity wave data in the unique Australian sector. A lidar will soon be added to the suite of ground-based instrumentation at Adelaide, which currently includes radar and airglow spectrometers. The Australian sites therefore provide a unique opportunity for both multiple-instrument and multiple-imager observations of the MALT region. The broader impacts of the project include the following: (1) the establishment and maintenance of an infrastructure of advanced airglow imagers; (2) the provision of the observational database to the entire scientific community via a website, including data to be used for student thesis research; (3) collaborations with US and international scientists, encouraging access to varied data sets and resources; (4) the support of other coordinated multi-instrument investigations at the imager sites; and (5) journal publications and scientific presentations.