Collaborative Research: The Ecological Role of a Poorly Studied Antarctic Krill Predator: The Humpback Whale, Megaptera Novaeangliae

合作研究：研究不足的南极磷虾捕食者：座头鲸，Megaptera Novaeangliae 的生态作用

• 批准号: 0739517
• 负责人: Peter Tyack
• 金额: $ 19.4万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-15 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0739517&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ecological; Role; Poorly

AbstractIntellectual Merit: The krill surplus hypothesis argues that the near-extirpation of baleen whales from Antarctic waters during much the twentieth century led to significant changes in the availability of krill for other predators. Over the past decade, however, overall krill abundance has decreased by over an order of magnitude around the Antarctic Peninsula, in part due to physical forces, including the duration and extent of winter sea ice cover. Krill predators are vulnerable to variability in prey and have been shown to alter their demography in response to changes in prey availability This research will use novel tagging technology combined with traditional fisheries acoustics methods to quantify the prey consumed by a poorly understood yet ecologically integral and recovering krill predator in the Antarctic, the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). It also will use a combination of advanced non-invasive tag technology to study whale behavior concurrent with hydro-acoustic techniques to map krill aggregations. The project will (1) provide direct and quantitative estimates of krill consumption rates by humpback whales and incorporate these into models for the management of krill stocks and the conservation of the Antarctic marine ecosystem; (2) provide information integral to understanding predator-prey ecology and trophic dynamics, i.e., if/how baleen whales affect the distribution and behavior of krill and/or other krill predators; (3) add significantly to the knowledge of the diving behavior and foraging ecology of baleen whales in the Antarctic; and (4) develop new geospatial tools for the construction of multi-trophic level models that account for physical as well as biological data. Broader Impacts: Whales are assumed to be a major predator on Antarctic krill, yet there is little understanding of how whales utilize this resource. This knowledge is critical to addressing both bottom-up and top-down questions, e.g., how climate change may affect whales or how whales may affect falling krill abundances. This program will integrate research and education by providing opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students as well as postdoctoral researchers at Duke University, the Florida State University and the University of Massachusetts at Boston. This project will also seek to integrate interactive learning through real time, seasonal and curriculum development in collaboration with the National Geographic Society as well as at the participating universities and local schools in those communities.

摘要：磷虾过剩假说认为，在20世纪的大部分时间里，南极海域的须鲸几乎灭绝，导致其他捕食者获得磷虾的机会发生了重大变化。然而，在过去的十年中，南极半岛周围磷虾的总体丰度下降了一个数量级以上，部分原因是自然力量，包括冬季海冰覆盖的持续时间和范围。磷虾捕食者易受猎物变化的影响，并且已被证明会随着猎物可用性的变化而改变其人口结构。本研究将使用新型标记技术结合传统渔业声学方法来量化南极座头鲸（Megaptera novaeangliae）所消耗的猎物，这是一种鲜为人知但生态完整且正在恢复的磷虾捕食者。它还将结合先进的非侵入式标签技术来研究鲸鱼的行为，同时使用水声技术来绘制磷虾聚集的地图。该项目将(1)提供座头鲸磷虾消费量的直接定量估计，并将其纳入磷虾种群管理和南极海洋生态系统保护的模型；(2)为理解捕食生态学和营养动力学提供必要的信息，即须鲸是否/如何影响磷虾和/或其他磷虾捕食者的分布和行为；(3)显著增加了对南极须鲸潜水行为和觅食生态的认识；(4)开发新的地理空间工具，用于构建兼顾物理和生物数据的多营养级模型。更广泛的影响：鲸鱼被认为是南极磷虾的主要捕食者，但人们对鲸鱼如何利用这一资源知之甚少。这些知识对于解决自下而上和自上而下的问题至关重要，例如，气候变化如何影响鲸鱼或鲸鱼如何影响磷虾丰度下降。该项目将整合研究和教育，为杜克大学、佛罗里达州立大学和马萨诸塞大学波士顿分校的本科生和研究生以及博士后研究人员提供机会。该项目还将寻求与美国国家地理学会以及参与的大学和当地学校合作，通过实时、季节性和课程开发来整合互动学习。