Laryngeal Contrasts in Fenno-Swedish, Russian, Hungarian, Turkish & Norwegian

关于大多数语言中辅音的语音细节的准确数据很难找到，即使是一些研究得最好的语言。尽管语言学家们对世界语言中不同辅音类型的讨论已经持续了至少20年，但进展一直受到阻碍，因为在许多情况下，研究人员重复了不准确的数据，而在其他情况下，关键数据根本无法获得。初步调查表明，考虑到新的和更准确的语音数据的描述通常与早期的描述有惊人的不同，从而导致对特定语言和跨语言异同的新见解。对五种辅音系统不同的语言（土耳其语、挪威语、匈牙利语、芬兰-瑞典语和俄语）的母语使用者进行了录音。这些录音中的辅音将进行声学分析。本研究的目的是（a）提供这些语言的辅音系统的语音准确的描述和（B）比较这些语言中发现的辅音系统，和（c）研究结果的含义，我们的理解的类型的变化，发现跨语言。这项研究将有助于理解语言，特别是声音系统是如何组织的，它们如何从语言到语言的不同，以及哪里有相似之处。这种理解对声音系统的所有研究领域都很重要，无论是理论还是应用，包括语言习得（第一和第二），语言损失，语言变化和言语感知。

Accurate data about the phonetic details of consonants in most languages are very difficult to find, even for some of the best-studied languages. Although discussions of the types of different consonants found in languages of the world have been a central concern of linguists for at least two decades, progress has been impeded because, in many cases, inaccurate data have been repeated by researchers, and in other cases, crucial data have simply not been available. Preliminary investigations indicate that descriptions that take new and more accurate phonetic data into account are often surprisingly different from earlier descriptions, leading to new insights about specific languages and about cross-linguistic similarities and differences. Recordings of native speakers of five languages with different consonant systems (Turkish, Norwegian, Hungarian, Fenno-Swedish and Russian) have been made. The consonants in these recordings will be analyzed acoustically. The goals of this research are (a) to provide phonetically accurate descriptions of the consonant systems of these languages and (b) to compare the consonant systems found in these languages, and (c) to study the implications of the results for our understanding of the type of variation that is found cross-linguistically. The study will contribute to the understanding of language, especially of how sound systems are organized, how they differ from language to language, and where there are similarities. Such understanding is important to all areas of research on sound systems, both theoretical and applied, including language acquisition (both first and second), language loss, language change and speech perception.