SGER: Non-Mimetic Simulation of Fire Emergency Response Team Cognition Stress through a Mixed Reality Game

消防应急小组在压力大、危险的环境中工作，有效的团队认知可能意味着生与死的区别。本研究探索非拟态仿真领域。这种新形式的抽象学习环境是以工作实践为基础的，但它并不直接模仿现实生活的具体方面。将开发混合现实游戏设计来模拟团队互动，就像在紧急情况下发现的那样。结合廉价的便携式全球定位传感器、可穿戴计算系统和直接的人与人之间的交流，位置感知混合现实游戏通过连接物理世界和虚拟世界的具体互动，为玩家提供了高度的沉浸感。参与者需要有效地相互沟通，以响应严格的实时需求。非模拟模拟，以位置感知团队游戏设计的形式，将在不模拟火灾和烟雾的情况下反映消防团队的信息流和通信结构。游戏设计将基于火灾应急工作的民族志，以捕捉实践中团队认知压力的显著抽象特征。评估将与火灾应急响应和大学生一起进行，并将利用定量和定性的混合方法，探索参与者的协调和沟通能力，以及他们对游戏的参与。先前对这项研究的评论认为它是高风险，高回报的，并指出需要探索非模拟模拟方法的功效。识别需要模拟的基地环境的显著抽象特征是一个新的研究领域。此外，GPS和Wi-Fi技术的传感器接收限制，即所谓的接缝，将需要集成到设计中。消防应急人员需要团队技能才能有效地保护生命和财产。本研究通过非模拟模拟，开发位置感知混合现实游戏系统，用于火灾应急响应队伍认知压力的教学。这些系统的目标是在安全的环境中学习关键的团队技能。团队认知压力的非模拟模拟可以作为所有团队工作人员教育的重要组成部分。这些人包括宇航员、空中交通管制员和所有紧急响应领域，包括紧急呼叫中心接线员、警察和护理人员。此外，这些模拟方法可能适用于科学、技术、工程、数学和其他领域的知识工作者和学生团队。本研究将扩展我们对学习技术、情境实践和团队认知的理解，对火灾应急响应团队和其他类型团队的培训方式具有潜在的重大影响。非拟态仿真与具身互动相结合，有望成为一个有趣的教育研究新领域。此外，这项研究将扩大我们对混合现实系统使用的理解，这是一种令人兴奋的人机交互模式，现在正在技术上变得可行。

Fire emergency response teams work in stressful, dangerous environments where effective team cognition can mean the difference between life and death. This research explores the field of non-mimetic simulation. This new form of abstract learning environment is grounded in work practice, yet it does not directly mimic concrete aspects of real life. Mixed reality game designs will be developed to simulate team interactions like those found in emergency response situations. Integrating inexpensive, portable global positioning sensors, wearable computing systems, and direct human-to-human communication, location-aware mixed reality games afford players a high level of immersion through situated embodied interaction that connects physical and virtual worlds. Participants will need to communicate with each other efficiently in order to respond to tough real-time demands. Non-mimetic simulations, in the form of location-aware team game designs, will mirror the information flow and communication structure of firefighting teams without mimicking fire and smoke. Game designs will be based on an ethnography of fire emergency response work, to capture salient abstract features of team cognition stress in practice. Evaluation will be performed with fire emergency response and university students, and will utilize mixed methods, both quantitative and qualitative, that explore participants' ability to coordinate and communicate, and their engagement with the game. Previous reviews of this research identified it to be high-risk, high-payoff, citing the need to to explore the efficacy of the non-mimetic simulation method. The identification of salient abstract features of the base environment that need to be simulated is a new area of research. Further, sensor reception limitations of GPS and Wi-Fi technology, which are known as seams, will need to be integrated into the designs.Fire emergency responders need team skills in order to effectively protect lives and property. This research develops location-aware mixed reality game systems for teaching fire emergency response team cognition stress through non-mimetic simulation. The goal of these systems is to enable learning critical team skills in safe environments. Non-mimetic simulations of team cognition stress may serve as important components of education for all people who work in teams. These include astronauts, air traffic controllers, and all areas of emergency response, including emergency call center operators, police, and paramedics. Further, these simulation methods may be applicable to teams of knowledge workers and students, in science, technology, engineering, math, and other fields. This research will expand our understanding of learning technologies, situated practice, and team cognition, with potentially great impact on the way in which fire emergency response teams, and other types of teams, are trained. Non-mimetic simulation, coupled with embodied interaction, promises to be an interesting and new field of educational research. Furthermore, this research will expand our understanding of the use of mixed reality systems, an exciting mode of human computer interaction that is just now becoming technologically accessible.