SGER: Non-Mimetic Simulation of Fire Emergency Response Team Cognition Stress through a Mixed Reality Game

消防应急小组在压力大、危险的环境中工作，在这种环境中，有效的团队认知可能意味着生死攸关。本研究对非模仿模拟领域进行了探索。这种新形式的抽象学习环境植根于工作实践，但它并不直接模仿现实生活的具体方面。混合现实游戏设计将被开发来模拟团队互动，就像在紧急情况下发现的那样。位置感知混合现实游戏集成了廉价的便携式全球定位传感器、可穿戴计算系统和直接人与人之间的通信，通过连接物理和虚拟世界的情景具体化交互为玩家提供了高度的沉浸感。参与者将需要有效地相互沟通，以响应苛刻的实时需求。以位置感知团队游戏设计的形式进行的非模仿模拟，将反映消防队的信息流和沟通结构，而不是模仿火和烟。游戏设计将以消防应急工作的民族志为基础，在实践中捕捉团队认知压力的显著抽象特征。评估将在火灾应急响应和大学生中进行，并将使用定量和定性的混合方法，探索参与者的协调和沟通能力，以及他们对游戏的参与度。以前对这项研究的评论认为它是高风险、高回报的，理由是需要探索非模仿模拟方法的有效性。识别需要模拟的基地环境的显著抽象特征是一个新的研究领域。此外，GPS和Wi-Fi技术的传感器接收限制，即SEAM，将需要整合到设计中。火灾应急人员需要团队技能，以有效保护生命和财产。本研究开发了位置感知混合现实游戏系统，用于通过非模拟模拟的方式教授消防应急团队认知压力。这些系统的目标是在安全的环境中学习关键的团队技能。团队认知压力的非模仿性模拟可以作为所有团队工作人员教育的重要组成部分。这些人包括宇航员、空中交通管制员和所有紧急响应领域，包括紧急呼叫中心接线员、警察和护理人员。此外，这些模拟方法可适用于科学、技术、工程、数学等领域的知识工作者和学生团队。这项研究将扩大我们对学习技术、情景实践和团队认知的理解，可能对消防应急团队和其他类型团队的培训方式产生重大影响。非模仿模拟与体验式交互相结合，有望成为教育研究的一个有趣的新领域。此外，这项研究将扩大我们对混合现实系统的使用的理解，混合现实系统是一种令人兴奋的人机交互模式，现在正变得技术上可以访问。

Fire emergency response teams work in stressful, dangerous environments where effective team cognition can mean the difference between life and death. This research explores the field of non-mimetic simulation. This new form of abstract learning environment is grounded in work practice, yet it does not directly mimic concrete aspects of real life. Mixed reality game designs will be developed to simulate team interactions like those found in emergency response situations. Integrating inexpensive, portable global positioning sensors, wearable computing systems, and direct human-to-human communication, location-aware mixed reality games afford players a high level of immersion through situated embodied interaction that connects physical and virtual worlds. Participants will need to communicate with each other efficiently in order to respond to tough real-time demands. Non-mimetic simulations, in the form of location-aware team game designs, will mirror the information flow and communication structure of firefighting teams without mimicking fire and smoke. Game designs will be based on an ethnography of fire emergency response work, to capture salient abstract features of team cognition stress in practice. Evaluation will be performed with fire emergency response and university students, and will utilize mixed methods, both quantitative and qualitative, that explore participants' ability to coordinate and communicate, and their engagement with the game. Previous reviews of this research identified it to be high-risk, high-payoff, citing the need to to explore the efficacy of the non-mimetic simulation method. The identification of salient abstract features of the base environment that need to be simulated is a new area of research. Further, sensor reception limitations of GPS and Wi-Fi technology, which are known as seams, will need to be integrated into the designs.Fire emergency responders need team skills in order to effectively protect lives and property. This research develops location-aware mixed reality game systems for teaching fire emergency response team cognition stress through non-mimetic simulation. The goal of these systems is to enable learning critical team skills in safe environments. Non-mimetic simulations of team cognition stress may serve as important components of education for all people who work in teams. These include astronauts, air traffic controllers, and all areas of emergency response, including emergency call center operators, police, and paramedics. Further, these simulation methods may be applicable to teams of knowledge workers and students, in science, technology, engineering, math, and other fields. This research will expand our understanding of learning technologies, situated practice, and team cognition, with potentially great impact on the way in which fire emergency response teams, and other types of teams, are trained. Non-mimetic simulation, coupled with embodied interaction, promises to be an interesting and new field of educational research. Furthermore, this research will expand our understanding of the use of mixed reality systems, an exciting mode of human computer interaction that is just now becoming technologically accessible.