Extended Exponence in Cross-Linguistic Perspective

在巴茨比语（英语：Batsbi）中，一个动词形式中的性数一致的标记可以同时出现在几个位置。 以这种方式重复标记被称为扩展指数。直到最近，人们普遍认为，屈折变化，如性别-数量一致标记，必须限于单词的边缘，并且没有语言重复标记与特定特征或一组特征的一致。 然而，在纳克-达吉斯坦语系的几种语言中，以及藏缅语基兰蒂亚群的几种语言和其他语言中，都可以发现这种重复。 性别-数字编码的重复提出了类型分布的问题（例如，这种模式只出现在某些类型的语言中吗？），历时起源（这种模式是如何起源的，为什么起源？），和语言学理论（我们如何解释这种类型的系统？）。 本研究的目标包括：（a）表征跨语言模式中可能存在的变异;（B）陈述模式的约束条件（如果存在）;（c）描述这些模式在所研究语言中的起源。 这一项目的影响之一将是提高将要研究的濒危语言的地位，从而鼓励发言者保护这些语言。该项目为阿塞拜疆共和国和俄罗斯达吉斯坦的语言学和其他学术领域提供支持。收集阿尔奇语和希纳卢格语的文本将为将来编辑这些文本奠定基础，从而为这些濒危语言的文献工作做出贡献

In Batsbi, a language of the Nakh group of the Nakh-Daghestanian language family, markers of gender-number agreement can occur simultaneously in several positions in a single verb form. Repetition of markers in this way has been called extended exponence. Until recently, it was widely believed that inflection, such as the gender-number agreement marker, was necessarily restricted to the edges of words, and that no language had repeated marking of agreement with a particular feature or set of features. However, such repetition is found in several of the languages of the Nakh-Daghestanian family, as well as in several in the Kiranti subgroup of Tibeto-Burman, and in other languages. The repetition of gender- number encoding raises questions of typological distribution (for example, do such patterns occur only in languages of certain types?), diachronic origin (how and why do such patterns originate?), and linguistic theory (how can we account for systems of this type?). The goals of this research include (a) characterization of variation possible in the pattern cross-linguistically, (b) a statement of constraints on the pattern, if any, and (c) a description of the origins of these patterns in the languages studied. One impact of this project will be in enhancing the status of the endangered languages to be studied, thus encouraging speakers to preserve them. The project provides support for linguistics and other academic fields in the Republic of Azerbaijan and in Daghestan, Russia. Collecting texts in Archi and Khinalug will lay the foundation for editing these texts in the future as a contribution to the documentation of these endangered languages