The Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS): Year 21-25

百慕大大西洋时间序列研究 (BATS)：21-25 年

• 批准号: 0752366
• 负责人: Nicholas Bates
• 金额: $ 525.71万
• 依托单位: Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0752366&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Bermuda; Atlantic; Time; series; Study

This award provides funding to extend the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) program for five additional years from August 1, 2008 to July 31, 2013. Long-term time series like BATS and HOT are invaluable platforms for investigating temporal and spatial scales of ocean biogeochemical variability and relationships with the global carbon cycle. Moreover, they provide comprehensive datasets used to assess the behavior of biogeochemical and ecosystem models. Physical forcing of the upper ocean leads to significant variability in gross and net ecosystem productivity, net exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the ocean, and the distribution of many biologically important elements in the sea. The research goals of BATS has been, and continues to be, improving our understanding of the ?time-varying? components of the ocean carbon cycle, related biogenic elements of interest (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, silica), and identifying the relevant physical, chemical and ecosystem properties responsible for this variability. The objectives of BATS are to 1) document the temporal variability in nutrient cycles and biological communities; 2) quantify the role of ocean-atmosphere coupling and climate forcing on air-sea exchange of CO2, and carbon export to the ocean interior; 3) Study the role of physical forcing (e.g., surface fluxes of heat, freshwater and momentum) on planktonic community structure and function, including new and export productivity; 4) Study the role of climate-induced variability in surface fluxes on planktonic community structure and function and 5) provide a testbed for the introduction and validation of new oceanographic tools and technologies. Ready access at the BATS station to North Atlantic oligotrophic gyre has allowed more than 120 scientists over the past 20 years to conduct small, independent projects of their own design in the context of a wider biogeochemical program and the rich historical context of the time-series dataset. Open data policies allow many more to explore BATS dataset for both research and educational purposes (from K12 to graduate). Many of the scientific questions asked at the time series stations have become even more relevant when considered on interannual to decadal timescales. These are the inherent time-scales of many of the natural modes of climate variability and the time-scale of anthropogenic change. To address these time-scales requires that we study the system consistently over such periods, much as the data from Hydrostation S and the Keeling Moana Loa atmospheric CO2 sampling have given us insights over the past 4 decades. The BATS time-series has opened the decadal window for the kinds of oceanographic and biogeochemical questions at the heart of future ocean programs. BATS is and will continue to be a significant community asset with broad value to oceanography and other disciplines. Broader Impacts: The major achievements expected from this activity will be the wealth of hydrographic and biogeochemical data collected to provide a broad context for experimentally testing oceanographic paradigms and hypotheses, and 'ground-truthing' ocean carbon cycle models. In addition to the research conducted as part of the core program, a wide range of ancillary researchers have shared a mutualistic relationship with the BATS program; and all programs have benefited. The BATS program has a synergistic existence with the Hydrostation S and Ocean Flux Program (OFP) time-series studies also conducted near the BATS site. Each time series provides connected, but not overlapping data that contributes to a sum greater than the individual parts. BATS investigators will continue to be very active in many aspects of student mentorship, training and public outreach. BATS data and scientific understanding of the Sargasso Sea has been and will continue to be incorporated into newly developed undergraduate/graduate courses. Several course have laboratory components that make use of the research facilities at BIOS as well as short cruises on the R/V Atlantic Explorer to the Hydrostation S and BATS site. The oceanographic facilities at BIOS provide for the training of students and technicians and for collaborations with other researchers in a manner few other institutions can provide. Through hands-on laboratory, cruise and data synthesis activities, BATS will continue to directly aid the U.S. national effort to improve the understanding of the oceanic carbon cycle and the impact on global climate.

该奖项提供资金，将百慕大大西洋时间序列研究（BATS）计划从2008年8月1日延长至2013年7月31日。 长期的时间序列，如BATS和HOT是宝贵的平台，调查海洋生态地球化学变化的时间和空间尺度和与全球碳循环的关系。 此外，它们提供了用于评估地球化学和生态系统模型行为的综合数据集。上层海洋的物理作用力导致生态系统总生产力和净生产力、大气与海洋之间的二氧化碳净交换以及海洋中许多重要生物元素的分布发生重大变化。 BATS的研究目标一直是，并将继续是，提高我们的理解？时变的？海洋碳循环的组成部分，相关的感兴趣的生源要素（例如，氮、磷、二氧化硅），并确定导致这种变异性的相关物理、化学和生态系统特性。 BATS的目标是：1）记录营养循环和生物群落的时间变化; 2）量化海洋-大气耦合和气候强迫对CO2海气交换的作用，以及向海洋内部的碳输出; 3）研究物理强迫的作用（例如，这些研究包括：（1）研究气候变化引起的地表通量变化对浮游生物群落结构和功能的影响（地表热量、淡水和动量通量），包括新生产力和输出生产力;（2）研究气候引起的地表通量变化对浮游生物群落结构和功能的影响;（3）为引进和验证新的海洋学工具和技术提供试验平台。在过去20年里，BATS站随时可以进入北大西洋贫营养环流，使120多名科学家能够在更广泛的生物地球化学计划和时间序列数据集丰富的历史背景下进行自己设计的小型独立项目。 开放数据政策允许更多的人出于研究和教育目的（从K12到研究生）探索BATS数据集。 在时间序列台站上提出的许多科学问题，在考虑到年际到十年的时间尺度时，变得更加相关。 这些是许多自然气候变化模式的固有时间尺度和人为变化的时间尺度。 为了解决这些时间尺度，我们需要在这样的时期内始终如一地研究系统，就像过去40年来来自S水电站和基林莫阿纳洛亚大气CO2采样的数据给我们提供的见解一样。BATS时间序列为未来海洋计划的核心海洋学和海洋地球化学问题打开了十年窗口。 最佳可行技术是并将继续是一项重要的社区资产，对海洋学和其他学科具有广泛的价值。更广泛的影响：预计这项活动的主要成果将是收集大量水文和海洋地球化学数据，为实验性检验海洋学范例和假设以及“地面实况”海洋碳循环模型提供广泛的背景。除了作为核心计划的一部分进行的研究外，广泛的辅助研究人员与BATS计划建立了互惠互利的关系;所有计划都从中受益。 BATS计划与也在BATS站点附近进行的Hydrostation S和海洋通量计划（OFP）时间序列研究具有协同作用。 每个时间序列都提供了连接但不重叠的数据，这些数据的总和大于单个部分。 BATS调查人员将继续在学生辅导、培训和公共宣传的许多方面非常活跃。 BATS数据和对马尾藻海的科学认识已经并将继续纳入新开发的本科生/研究生课程。 一些课程有实验室组成部分，利用BIOS的研究设施以及R/V Atlantic Explorer到Hydrostation S和BATS站点的短途航行。 BIOS的海洋学设施为学生和技术人员提供培训，并与其他研究人员进行合作，这是其他机构很少能提供的。通过实验室实践、巡航和数据综合活动，BATS将继续直接帮助美国国家努力提高对海洋碳循环及其对全球气候影响的认识。