Documenting Tlingit Raven Stories [ISO 639 tli]

据估计，现在有300名讲特林吉特语的人，而1974年时估计有2000人。如此迅速的衰落使得特林吉特口头文学经典大部头的工作更加紧迫地完成。在NSF的支持下，Richard和Nora Marks Dauenhauer将完成该系列的第五卷的照相拷贝，Tlingit Raven Stories。它包括大约50个故事，由12个讲故事的人；可能会增加一些新的故事。音频文件也将被发布，最低限度是随书附带一张CD，理想情况下是基于网络的格式。由于几个原因，出版物的音频部分是新的。新技术使发行变得可行和负担得起，但更重要的是，在过去35年里，特林吉特文化中禁止发布声音文件的两项主要禁令已经减少。当Dauenhauer刚开始的时候，特林吉特的长老们听到逝者的声音非常不舒服。此外，故事的氏族所有权有很强的传统，这是一种口头版权，因此，尽管内容不是秘密或深奥的，但讲述故事的权利受到限制。从那时起，整整一代演讲者都去世了。部落观众现在由年轻一代组成，他们本身就是这种语言的学习者，而不是说话者。当与语言本身的生存和记录进行权衡时，对表演的传统限制现在似乎不那么重要，已故长老的声音正在成为安慰和灵感的来源，而不是不适和痛苦。乌鸦故事是特林吉特口头文学中的喜剧流派，在关于特林吉特的整个200年的图书历史上，特林吉特乌鸦故事将是第一个以特林吉特语言出版的这样的集合。1973年，道恩豪尔夫妇以小册子的形式出版了特林吉特的第一个也是唯一一个乌鸦故事。除此之外，所有的乌鸦故事都是用俄语、德语或英语重述的，但从来没有用特林吉特发表过。这本书的特点是特林吉特文本从口头表演的磁带录音转录而来，面对英语翻译、注释和口语版本本身。它包括上一代以特林吉特语言和文化长大的讲故事大师的大约50个故事，具有全面的语言和文体技能。最后一位传统传承者于2006年去世，享年93岁。在这个项目中创建的永久记录将确保它在未来对研究人员和语言学习者有用。

There are now an estimated 300 speakers of Tlingit, down from the estimated 2,000 speakers in the 1974. Such a rapid decline has made more urgent completion of work on a major volume of Classics of Tlingit Oral Literature. With NSF support, Richard and Nora Marks Dauenhauer will complete the camera-ready copy of volume 5 in the series, Tlingit Raven Stories. It includes approximately fifty stories by twelve storytellers; some new stories may be added. Audio files will also be published, minimally a CD to accompany the book, and ideally a web-based format. The audio component of the publication is new for several reasons. New technology makes distribution feasible and affordable, but of greater importance, two major Tlingit cultural prohibitions against publishing the sound files have diminished in the last 35 years. When the Dauenhauers first started, Tlingit elders were very uncomfortable about hearing the voices of the departed. Also, there was a strong tradition of clan ownership of stories, a kind of oral copyright, so that while the content was not secret or esoteric, rights to tell a story were restricted. Since then, an entire generation of speakers has died. The tribal audience is now comprised of the younger generation, who are themselves learners, not speakers, of the language. When weighed against the survival and documentation of the language itself, the traditional constraints on performance now seem less important, and the voice of the departed elders is becoming a source of comfort and inspiration rather than discomfort and distress. Raven stories are the comic genre in Tlingit oral literature, and Tlingit Raven Stories will be the first such collection published in the Tlingit language in the entire 200-year history of books about Tlingit. The first and still only Raven story in Tlingit was published by the Dauenhauers as a booklet in 1973. Otherwise, all Raven stories have been published in Russian, German, or English retellings, but never in Tlingit. The book features Tlingit texts transcribed from tape recordings of oral performance, facing English translation, annotation, and the spoken version itself. It includes approximately 50 stories by the last generation of master storytellers raised in the Tlingit language and culture, with the full range of linguistic and stylistic skills. The last of these tradition bearers passed away in 2006 at the age of 93. The permanent record created in this project will ensure its usefulness for researchers and language learners well into the future.