The evolution of flower synorganization in Consolida (Ranunculaceae)

毛茛科的飞燕科分支在具有对称花的基生菊科植物中是不寻常的。飞燕科包括种类丰富的乌头科和飞燕科（各约300种）以及小得多的联合科（40-50种，包括乌头科）。连翘也是唯一的被子植物，其花的同质化（背花瓣）与螺旋叶状排列一起发生，这两个特征通常是互不相容的。菊属的潜在单系性和与飞燕草的确切关系尚未得到检验。该提案正在寻求对一种系统发育的支持，该系统发育将对多达100种的飞禽草和飞禽草（以及一些乌头草作为外群）进行核和叶绿体DNA区域取样，以解决该分支中花瓣协同化的进化（测序主要依赖于植物标本馆的材料，如试点研究所示，材料在慕尼黑手头）。我们将研究6-10种植物的花发育细节，以代表不同的花类型。需要回答的主要问题是：(1)螺旋叶状排列、颧形和花瓣协同是如何在发育过程中建立和相互作用的？以及（ii）飞燕草/飞燕草分支的花被进化轨迹是什么？

The Delphinieae clade of the Ranunculaceae is unusual among basal eudicots in having zygomorphic flowers. Delphinieae consist of the species-rich Aconitum and Delphinium (ca. 300 spp. each) and the much smaller Consolida (40-50 sp., including Aconitella). Consolida is also the only angiosperm in which floral synorganization (of the dorsal petals) occurs in conjunction with spiral phyllotaxis, two features normally incompatible with each other. The potential monophyly of Consolida and precise relationship to Delphinium are untested. This proposal is seeking support for a phylogeny that will sample up to 100 species of Consolida and Delphinium (and a few Aconitum as outgroups) for nuclear and chloroplast DNA regions to resolve the evolution of petal synorganization in this clade (sequencing can largely rely on herbarium material as shown in a pilot study and material is at hand in Munich). Details of floral development will be studied in 6-10 species selected to represent different flower types. The main questions to be answered are (i) How do spiral phyllotaxis, zygomorphy, and petal synorganization become establish and interact during development? and (ii) What is (are) the evolutionary trajectory(-ies) of perianth evolution in the the Delphinium/Consolida clade?