Doctoral Dissertation Resarch: Gender Roles and Ethnicity in Transnational Migration

Elizabeth Heger波义耳PI和Erika Busse明尼苏达大学当前关于性别和移民的文献提供了关于性别等级的不同发现。一些学者认为，移徙为性别转变打开了空间，而另一些学者则认为，移徙强化了父权制度。此外，强调移徙的性别性质的学者迄今为止主要侧重于生活在接受国的移民。研究接收国和输出国社会中跨国社区的研究人员没有解决夫妻关系转变的问题。本研究比较了三种类型的秘鲁家庭：丈夫领导的迁移，妻子领导的迁移，和家庭团聚的迁移，并集中在这个问题上：是什么机制，加剧或缓和跨国家庭的父权关系？因此，本研究旨在解决文献中关于跨国联系是否重申或侵蚀性别等级的矛盾。该假说认为，父权关系在形式和社会竞技场上会发生变化，但不一定会消失。这项研究是在美国和秘鲁进行的多地点民族志田野调查。不仅考察了美国的家庭和个人，而且考察了他们在秘鲁的亲属，使我能够观察到每种类型的家庭中男女在其关系中强加和抵制权力所采取的策略。由于这些机制存在于不同的社会领域，本研究侧重于家庭，社区一级，并通过跨国联系的这些动态。 调查员对美国和秘鲁同一家庭的多名成员进行了深入访谈和密集的参与式观察。在这样做的时候，这项研究调查了家庭的性别结构及其与有关家庭的种族结构的相互关系。研究分三个阶段进行。第一阶段（2006年，新泽西州帕特森）和第二阶段（2007年，秘鲁）包括66次访谈（32次妇女访谈和34次男子访谈）和对每种类型家庭的人种学观察。第三个也是最后一个阶段将在帕特森，新泽西州（2008年）。这项研究作出了重要的贡献，它把家庭的分析中心，突出家庭的作用，作为一个网站，性别和种族的想法和做法的塑造和重塑的跨国主义。这项研究还将为创建研究居住在两个（或更多）国家的家庭的方法工具奠定基础。最后，研究结果将提供给更多的受众，包括在美国和秘鲁为移民家庭和社区服务的组织。

Elizabeth Heger Boyle PI and Erika BusseUniversity of MinnesotaCurrent iterature on gender and migration provides divergent findings regarding gender hierarchies. Some scholars find that migration opens room for gender transformations, while others find that it reinforces patriarchal systems. Further, scholars who emphasize the gendered nature of migration have to date focused primarily on immigrants living in the receiving country. Researchers who study transnational communities in both the receiving and sending societies do not address the question of transformations in husband-wife relationships. This research compares three types of Peruvian families: husband-leading migration, wife-leading migration, and family unity migration, and focuses on the question: What are the mechanisms that exacerbate or moderate patriarchal relations in transnational families? Thus, this research aims to resolve a contradiction in the literature about whether transnational connections reaffirm or erode gender hierarchies. The hypothesis is that patriarchal relations will change in form and social arena but will not necessarily go away. This research is a multi-site ethnographic fieldwork in the U.S. and Peru. Examining not only families and individuals located in the United States, but also their relatives in Peru, allows me to observe strategies adopted by men and women to impose and resist power in their relationships in each type of family. As these mechanisms are present in different social arenas, this research focuses on these dynamics in households, at the community level, and through transnational connections. The investigator conducts in-depth interviewing with and intensive participant observation of multiple members of the same family in the U.S. and in Peru. In so doing, this research investigates the gendered structure of the family and its interconnections with ethnic constructions pertaining to family. The research occurs in three phases. The first (Paterson, NJ in 2006) and the second phases (in Peru 2007) consist of 66 interviews (32 with women and 34 with men) and ethnographic observations within each type of family. The third and last phase will be in Paterson, NJ (2008).This study makes an important contribution in that it places family at the center of the analysis, highlighting the family's role as a site where gender and ethnic ideas and practices are shaped and reshaped in transnationalism. This study will also provide a foundation for creating methodological tools to study families living in two (or more countries). Finally, study findings will be made accessible to a larger audience, including organizations that serve migrant families and communities both in the U.S. and in Peru.