Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Effects of Task Dimensions of the Division of Labor on Person-to-Group Bonding

斯坦福大学这篇论文研究的问题是，一个群体内的集体责任分工如何影响个人与群体的联系程度？每天，人们划分和分享任务，以实现群体目标。然而，有许多方法可以构建目标导向的任务。人们是单独工作还是一起工作？他们是执行相同的工作任务还是负责不同的任务？是否所有的团队成员都具备能够相互接替的一般技能？还是这些技能是专门的，只有少数人知道？本文研究了任务结构分工在哪些条件下会产生团队成员之间的相互依赖感、相似性感和共同责任感，而在哪些条件下会产生团队成员之间的分离感、差异感和低效能感。本论文超越了任务差异是否抑制或增强群体团结的过于简化的问题，研究了群体依恋如何受到实际任务在群体成员之间分配的方式的影响。co-PI通过分析1)任务结构如何影响群体内的互动模式，以及2)这些互动模式如何影响个人对群体的依恋，使用微观秩序方法来研究导致人们与直接社会群体建立联系的机制。联合研究小组将对大学生进行一系列实验，以测试不同类型的目标导向任务结构如何影响个人与群体的联系。更广泛的影响本研究对组织任务结构如何影响成员流失率具有启示意义。它将提供一些见解，帮助我们理解激励人们对自己的团队负责和投入，以及认识到人们需要重视他人并理解他们无法单独完成团队工作之间的微妙界限。通过研究任务结构如何影响个人与群体的联系，本论文可以帮助组织规划者更好地了解他们如何构建群体内互动。组织可以利用关于任务结构影响的信息来组织他们的日常工作，以在员工之间的合作协调和个人在工作中负责任和自主的愿望之间建立平衡。有了这种类型的信息，组织可以通过创建最适合其团队的集体需求的团队任务结构来帮助他们的工作组创建更强的团队团结和凝聚力。因此，研究技能专业化和任务差异化何时巩固团队团结以及何时削弱团队团结之间的微妙界限是很重要的。

SES-0802643Cecilia RidgwayLynn ChinStanford UniversityThis dissertation research asks how the division of collective responsibilities within a group affects the extent to which individuals bond to the group? Every day people divide and share tasks used to achieve group goals. However, there are numerous ways goal-oriented tasks may be structured. Do people work separately or together? Do they perform the same work tasks or are they responsible for different tasks? Do all group members have general skills that enable them to take over each other?s tasks or are the skills specialized and known to only a few? This dissertation studies the conditions under which the division of labor in task structure creates a sense of mutual interdependence, similarity, and joint responsibility versus a sense of separation, difference, and low efficacy between group members. The research goes beyond the overly-simplified question of whether task differences inhibit or enhance group solidarity to study how group attachment is affected by the way actual tasks are divided amongst group members, this dissertation goes beyond. The co-PI uses a micro-order approach to study the mechanisms which cause people to bond to immediate social groups by analyzing 1) how task structure affects patterns of interaction within a group and 2) how those patterns of interaction affect person-to-group attachment. The co-PI will conduct a series of experiments using university students to test of how different types of goal-oriented task structures affect person-to-group bonding. Broader ImpactsThis study has implications for how organizational task structure can affect member attrition rate. It will provide insights that will help us understand the fine line between motivating people to feel personally responsible and invested in their group and recognizing that people need to value others and understand that they cannot accomplish group work alone. By examining how task structure influences personal bonding to a group, this dissertation can help organizational planners better understand how they can structure in-group interaction. Organizations can use information about the effects of task structure to organize their daily work routines in ways that create a balance between cooperative coordination between employees and the desire for individuals to be responsible and self-autonomous at work. With this type of information, organizations may be able to help their work groups create a stronger sense of group solidarity and cohesion by creating group task structures that best fit the collective needs of their group. Thus, it is important to study the fine line between when skill specialization and task differentiation solidifies group solidarity and when they erode it.