Nanoscale and Collective Physics of One-Dimensional Conductors

*非技术摘要*电荷密度波(CDW)导体是迄今发现的最引人注目的电子材料之一。它们表现出集体电荷传输、非线性电子传导、相干电压振荡、低温玻璃相和巨大的介电常数。它们为研究无序弹性介质的静态和动态特性提供了一个近乎理想的模型实验系统，在简单的机械振子和复杂的充分发展的湍流之间提供了一个易于处理的中转站。这个单独的研究项目将探索微细加工的CDW器件的电子性质和可能的应用，以及这些器件的复杂动态响应。该项目是一个更广泛的项目的一部分，该项目已经产生了几项专利申请和一种在世界各地使用的商业产品，并为研究生提供了良好的研发职业培训。免费活动正试图解决STEM管道中的主要问题。这些措施包括开发面向不同受众的物理教学方法和课程，开发招收和留住高中和大学物理学生的方法和材料，以及在PhysTEC的支持下招聘和培训更多的高中物理教师。*技术摘要*通过滑动电荷(或自旋)密度波(CDW)展示集体电荷传输的准一维导体是凝聚态物理学中最丰富的系统之一。该项目将结合材料合成、微制造和运输测量来解决两大类问题。第一类涉及准一维导体和包含它们的器件的介观和纳米尺度物理。电荷注入物理实验、纳米线物理实验和亚稳态实验在存储设备中的潜在应用都是通过前一个资金时期开发的制造工艺来实现的。第二类讨论无序CDW的集体钉扎和动力学，随着用于解释其他无序弹性物体的理论方法被用来解决CDW系统的全部丰富性，这一焦点重新引起了人们的兴趣。该项目是一个更广泛的项目的一部分，该项目已经产生了几项专利申请和一种在世界各地使用的商业产品，并为研究生提供了良好的研发职业培训。

****NON-TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****Charge-density-wave (CDW) conductors are among the most remarkable electronic materials ever discovered. They exhibit collective charge transport, nonlinear electronic conduction, coherent voltage oscillations, a low-temperature glass phase and gigantic dielectric constants. They provide a nearly ideal model experimental system for studying the static and dynamic properties of disordered elastic media, providing a tractable way station between simple mechanical oscillators and the complexity of fully developed turbulence. This individual investigator project will explore the electronic properties and possible applications of microfabricated CDW devices, and the complex dynamical response of these devices. The project is part of a broader program that has yielded several patent applications and a commercial product used around the world, and that provides excellent training to graduate students for careers in research and development. Complimentary activities are attempting to address major problems in the STEM pipeline. These include developing methods and curricula for teaching physics to diverse audiences, developing methods and materials for recruiting and retaining students in high school and college physics and, with PhysTEC support, recruiting and training more high school physics teachers.****TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****Quasi-one-dimensional conductors exhibiting collective charge transport by sliding charge (or spin) density waves (CDW) are among the richest systems in condensed matter physics. This project will address two broad classes of problems using a combination of materials synthesis, microfabrication and transport measurements. The first class involves the meso- and nano-scale physics of quasi-one-dimensional conductors and devices that incorporate them. Experiments on the physics of charge injection, of nanowires and of metastability with potential applications in memory devices are enabled by fabrication processes developed in the previous funding period. The second class addresses the collective pinning and dynamics of the disordered CDW, a focus of renewed interest as theoretical methods developed to explain other disordered elastic objects are being used to address the full richness of CDW systems. The project is part of a broader program that has yielded several patent applications and a commercial product used around the world, and that provides excellent training to graduate students for careers in research and development.