Whose Phenotype is it Anyway? The Complex Role of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Expression of Plant Defense

到底是谁的表型？

• 批准号: 0814340
• 负责人: Mark Hunter
• 金额: $ 65万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0814340&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Whose; Phenotype; Anyway; Complex; Role

Plants worldwide must defend themselves from being damaged by their enemies, including insects, deer and pathogens. Plant defenses range from physical defenses, like thorns, spines, and tough leaves, to chemical defenses such as cyanide and steroids. As plants try to defend themselves, most of them make use of nutrients that are provided to them by fungi (called mycorrhizae) that live in their roots. In what is basically a barter system, plants provide the fungi with sugar while the fungi provide plants with minerals such as phosphorus. The strength of plant defenses may vary with the amount of fungus in their roots and the identity of their fungal partners, but this has never been studied in detail.Using common milkweed as a study plant, this research explores how the strength of plant defense varies with the fungal colonization of roots. It examines how variation in plant and fungal identity contributes to defense, and how natural variation in soil nutrients influences the barter system. Experiments also explore the effects of root fungi on insect herbivores. The results of this work will contribute to an understanding of how diverse plant species, from agricultural crops through forest trees, use root fungi in their defense strategies. It may be possible to manipulate root fungi to protect the plants that are important to humans or to render defenseless those that are invasive pests. The research will also help to train the next generation of biologists both in universities and in local area schools.

世界各地的植物必须保护自己免受昆虫、鹿和病原体等敌人的伤害。 植物防御的范围从物理防御，如刺，刺和坚韧的叶子，到化学防御，如氰化物和类固醇。 当植物试图保护自己时，它们中的大多数利用生活在它们根部的真菌（称为真菌）提供给它们的营养。 在基本上是一种以物易物的系统中，植物为真菌提供糖，而真菌为植物提供矿物质，如磷。 植物防御的强度可能会随着根部真菌的数量和真菌伴侣的身份而变化，但这从未被详细研究过。本研究以普通马利筋为研究对象，探索植物防御的强度如何随着根部真菌定殖而变化。 它研究了植物和真菌身份的变化如何有助于防御，以及土壤养分的自然变化如何影响易货系统。 实验还探讨了根际真菌对食草昆虫的影响。 这项工作的结果将有助于了解从农作物到林木的不同植物物种如何在其防御策略中使用根真菌。 操纵根真菌来保护对人类重要的植物或使那些入侵的害虫失去防御能力是可能的。 这项研究还将有助于在大学和当地学校培养下一代生物学家。