US-GLOBEC: NWA Georges Bank: Impacts of climate and basin-scale variability on the seeding and production of Calanus finmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank region

连接乔治银行，斯科舍大陆架，斜坡海和海湾的生态系统的气候变率引起的，流域规模的环流变化所造成的大规模的大气影响，如北大西洋涛动（NAO）的过程似乎发生在几十年和年际的时间尺度。本研究旨在阐明北大西洋西部海盆环流的多年变化如何影响C。finmarchicus，特别是它的运输到乔治银行。这将通过数值模式模拟和观测数据相结合来完成。主要任务包括：（1）建立和运行西北大西洋的基于个人的模型（IBM），使用对应于高NAO的物理场（1980-1993年）和低NAO（1962-1971）期间从一个正在进行的涡分辨北大西洋模拟中获得，以了解该地区Calanus finmarchicus播种和生产的多年变化;（2）在1988-1999年期间，从已有的高NAO模拟（来自NASA的一个正在进行的项目）开始进行涡分辨盆地尺度模式模拟，并运行IBM来研究C.（3）分析长期的现场物理和生物数据集和卫星获取的海表温度（SST）沿着GLOBEC核心测量期间（1995-1999）收集的现场物理、生物和化学数据，以验证流域尺度的物理和生物场，并对C. finmarchicus播种和生产;（4）1993-1999年期间利用流域尺度场和现有数据生成四维高分辨率（5公里）物理场，并以更高分辨率进行一系列IBM模拟，以解决研究区域生态系统变异性与NAO大尺度波动之间的关系问题。这项研究将提高对NWA/GB区域生态系统的大尺度气候和流域尺度强迫的科学认识。将培养两名研究生。研究结果将在科学出版物中传播，并在国家会议上作介绍，而模型产出和几个增值领域将通过与GLOBEC Georges Bank网站链接的网站提供。

The processes linking the ecosystems of Georges Bank, Scotian Shelf, Slope Sea and Gulf of Main to climate variability-induced, basin-scale circulation changes caused by large-scale atmospheric effects such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) appear to occur over both multi-decadal and interannual time scales. This project aims to elucidate how these multi-year changes in circulation within the western North Atlantic basin affect C. finmarchicus, specifically its transport onto Georges Bank. This will be accomplished via a combination of numerical model simulations and observational data.Primary tasks include: (1) Setting up and running an individual based model (IBM) for the Northwest Atlantic, using physical fields corresponding to the high-NAO (1980-1993) and low-NAO (1962-1971) periods obtained from an ongoing eddy-resolving North Atlantic simulation to understand multidecadal variability of Calanus finmarchicus seeding and production in this region; (2) Performing eddy-resolving basin-scale model simulations during 1988-1999 starting from already existing high-NAO simulations (from an ongoing NASA project) and run the IBM to study the interannual variability of C. finmarchicus seeding and production in this region; (3) Analyzing long-term in-situ physical and biological datasets and satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) along with in-situ physical, biological, and chemical data collected during the GLOBEC core-measurement period (1995-1999) to validate the basin-scale physical and biological fields and develop a broader understanding of C. finmarchicus seeding and production; (4) Generating four-dimensional high-resolution (5-km) physical fields using basin-scale fields and available data during 1993-1999, and running a series of IBM simulations at higher resolution in order to address questions relating ecosystem variability in the study regions to the large-scale fluctuations of the NAO.Within the GLOBEC synthesis effort, this study will enhance the scientific understanding of large-scale climatic and basin-scale forcing on the regional ecosystem of the NWA/GB region. Two graduate students will be trained. Results will be disseminated in scientific publications and presentations at national conferences while model output and several value-added fields will be made available via a website linked to the GLOBEC Georges Bank website.