US-GLOBEC: NWA Georges Bank: Impacts of climate and basin-scale variability on the seeding and production of Calanus finmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank region

由北大西洋涛动（NAO）等大尺度大气效应引起的气候变率引起的盆地尺度环流变化与乔治滩、斯科舍陆架、坡海和美因湾等生态系统之间的联系过程似乎在多年代际和年际时间尺度上都有发生。该项目旨在阐明北大西洋盆地西部环流的这些多年变化如何影响C. finmarchicus，特别是其向乔治海岸的运输。这将通过数值模式模拟和观测数据的结合来完成。主要任务包括：(1)利用北大西洋持续涡解析模拟得到的高nao期（1980-1993）和低nao期（1962-1971）对应的物理场，建立并运行西北大西洋基于个体的模式（IBM），以了解该地区Calanus finmarchicus种子和产量的多年代际变化；(2)从已有的高nao模拟（来自正在进行的NASA项目）开始，在1988-1999年期间进行涡解盆地尺度模式模拟，并运行IBM研究该地区柽柳播种和生产的年际变化；(3)对GLOBEC岩心测量期间（1995-1999）的长期原位物理和生物数据集、卫星海表温度（SST）以及原位物理、生物和化学数据进行分析，以验证盆地尺度的物理和生物领域，并对C. finmarchicus的播种和生产有更广泛的了解；(4)利用流域尺度场和1993-1999年的现有数据生成四维高分辨率（5公里）物理场，并在更高分辨率下运行一系列IBM模拟，以解决研究区域生态系统变异与NAO大尺度波动的相关问题。在GLOBEC的综合工作中，本研究将加强对NWA/GB区域生态系统的大尺度气候和流域强迫的科学认识。将培训两名研究生。研究结果将在科学出版物和国家会议上的报告中传播，而模型产出和若干增值领域将通过一个与GLOBEC Georges Bank网站相连的网站提供。

The processes linking the ecosystems of Georges Bank, Scotian Shelf, Slope Sea and Gulf of Main to climate variability-induced, basin-scale circulation changes caused by large-scale atmospheric effects such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) appear to occur over both multi-decadal and interannual time scales. This project aims to elucidate how these multi-year changes in circulation within the western North Atlantic basin affect C. finmarchicus, specifically its transport onto Georges Bank. This will be accomplished via a combination of numerical model simulations and observational data.Primary tasks include: (1) Setting up and running an individual based model (IBM) for the Northwest Atlantic, using physical fields corresponding to the high-NAO (1980-1993) and low-NAO (1962-1971) periods obtained from an ongoing eddy-resolving North Atlantic simulation to understand multidecadal variability of Calanus finmarchicus seeding and production in this region; (2) Performing eddy-resolving basin-scale model simulations during 1988-1999 starting from already existing high-NAO simulations (from an ongoing NASA project) and run the IBM to study the interannual variability of C. finmarchicus seeding and production in this region; (3) Analyzing long-term in-situ physical and biological datasets and satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) along with in-situ physical, biological, and chemical data collected during the GLOBEC core-measurement period (1995-1999) to validate the basin-scale physical and biological fields and develop a broader understanding of C. finmarchicus seeding and production; (4) Generating four-dimensional high-resolution (5-km) physical fields using basin-scale fields and available data during 1993-1999, and running a series of IBM simulations at higher resolution in order to address questions relating ecosystem variability in the study regions to the large-scale fluctuations of the NAO.Within the GLOBEC synthesis effort, this study will enhance the scientific understanding of large-scale climatic and basin-scale forcing on the regional ecosystem of the NWA/GB region. Two graduate students will be trained. Results will be disseminated in scientific publications and presentations at national conferences while model output and several value-added fields will be made available via a website linked to the GLOBEC Georges Bank website.