Climate change as an agent of selection that alters fundamental interactions among a foundation tree species and its herbivore, mutualist and competitor communities

气候变化作为选择的媒介，改变了基础树种与其食草动物、互利共生和竞争群落之间的基本相互作用

• 批准号: 0816675
• 负责人: Catherine Gehring
• 金额: $ 61万
• 依托单位: Northern Arizona University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0816675&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Climate; change; agent; selection; alters

Global climate is predicted to change dramatically in the 21st century with warmer temperatures and more extreme climate events expected over most land areas. The consequences of these changes may include shifts in the geographical range of animal and plant species, including many species of trees. Models developed to predict plant and animal response to climate change often do not consider the importance of genetic variation within members of a species or the interactions of that species with other organisms, which could slow or hasten distribution shifts. This study tests the hypothesis that the ultimate effect of climate change on a tree species and its associated community will result from the interplay between the responses of different tree genotypes to both climate stresses and to the herbivores, competitors and mutualists with which the trees interact. Specifically, this research examines the influence of genetic variation in resistance and susceptibility to insect herbivory on tree responses to drought as mediated by interactions with shrubs that compete with trees for water and soil fungi that enhance uptake of soil resources. The project involves population genetic analysis, and field, common garden and greenhouse studies of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis), a widespread tree particularly sensitive to climate change. The broader impacts of this project include student training with an emphasis on recruitment of underrepresented minorities, student exchanges between Mexican and US institutions, education of prisoners through the Arizona Department of Corrections and outreach to managers whose lands are dominated by pinyon pine suffering high mortality.

据预测，全球气候将在21世纪发生巨大变化，预计大多数陆地地区将出现更温暖的气温和更极端的气候事件。这些变化的后果可能包括动物和植物物种，包括许多树种的地理范围的变化。 为预测植物和动物对气候变化的反应而开发的模型往往没有考虑到物种成员内部遗传变异的重要性，也没有考虑到该物种与其他生物体的相互作用，这可能会减缓或加速分布的变化。 本研究测试的假设，气候变化对树种及其相关的社区的最终影响将导致不同的树基因型的气候压力和草食动物，竞争对手和互惠生的树木相互作用的反应之间的相互作用。 具体而言，本研究探讨了遗传变异的影响，在树木对干旱的反应介导的灌木，与树木竞争的水和土壤真菌，提高土壤资源的吸收的抗性和易感性昆虫植食性。 该项目涉及对松树的种群遗传学分析，以及野外、普通花园和温室研究，松树是一种分布广泛的树木，对气候变化特别敏感。 该项目的更广泛影响包括学生培训，重点是招募代表性不足的少数群体，墨西哥和美国机构之间的学生交流，通过亚利桑那州惩教部对囚犯进行教育，以及向其土地主要是死亡率高的松树的管理人员进行宣传。