From Collective Site of Memory into National Institution. Jews, Poles, and the Polish Armed Forces, 1918 to 1939

从集体记忆场所到国家机构。

• 批准号: 188729285
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Dan Diner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: The Faculty of Humanities
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2009-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/188729285?language=en
• 关键词: Collective; Site; Memory; into; National

The integral part of the consolidation of the so-called Second Polish Republic after the First World War was the creation of the national military forces. Influenced by military conflicts on almost all borders of the Polish Republic, the Polish Army was transformed into a national institution deeply rooted in the Polish collective memory of the 19th century. The fundamental importance of the military sphere as an element of the Polish collective memory in 19th century raises the question how far these traditional elements were recovered and incorporated into the new Polish Army and the independent Polish state after 1918. There are two parallel levels of research. The first objective of the study is to show how, in a new political and social reality of the Polish Republic, dominant national collective memory narratives originating from the 19th century traditions were implemented into the building of the Polish army. It is also crucial to investigate the importance of the founding of the Polish military forces for the state and society and their influence on the nation building processes. At the parallel level, the correlation and interdependence between the military and Jewish population of Poland is analyzed. The particular emphasis is put on the recognition of Jewish military and patriotic achievements, and, consequently, placing and integrating them in the polish military tradition. The conflict between integration willingness of a part of the Jewish population and Polish defensive demeanour was clearly visible in the treatment of Jews in the Polish army. On one hand, it was possible that Jews fought e.g. in the Polish Legions and were accepted and appreciated as commendable patriots, on the other hand, there were incidents casting a shadow over the Polish-Jewish relations. The detention of several thousands of Jewish recruits and volunteers in Jablonna during the Polish-Soviet War in 1920 distinctly depicts how complicated the relations between Poles and Jews were. The research project represents an attempt at analysing the Jewish-Polish relations of the inter-war time from the military historical point of view. The conversion of the 19th century legacy of the cultural memory into the national state institution of the Polish Army standing for and symbolizing a significant nation building function is of the highest priority here. The research activities constitute a socio-cultural historical study providing a substantial contribution to the understanding of the Polish contemporary history which was influenced by the presence of the military forces.

第一次世界大战后所谓的波兰第二共和国的巩固的组成部分是国家军事力量的建立。受波兰共和国几乎所有边境军事冲突的影响，波兰军队转变为一个深深植根于19世纪波兰集体记忆的国家机构。军事领域作为19世纪波兰集体记忆的一个组成部分的根本重要性提出了一个问题，即这些传统元素在多大程度上被恢复并纳入了新的波兰军队和1918年后独立的波兰国家。研究有两个平行的层次。本研究的第一个目标是展示，在波兰共和国新的政治和社会现实中，源自19世纪传统的主导民族集体记忆叙事如何被实施到波兰军队的建设中。调查波兰军队的建立对国家和社会的重要性及其对国家建设进程的影响也是至关重要的。在平行的层面上，分析了波兰军队和犹太人口之间的相关性和相互依赖性。特别强调承认犹太人的军事和爱国成就，并因此将其纳入波兰军事传统。一部分犹太人的融入意愿与波兰的防御行为之间的冲突在波兰军队对待犹太人的方式中清晰可见。一方面，犹太人可能在波兰军团中战斗，并被视为值得称赞的爱国者，另一方面，也有一些事件给波兰和犹太人的关系蒙上了阴影。1920年波苏战争期间，数千名犹太新兵和志愿者在雅布罗纳被拘留，这清楚地说明了波兰人和犹太人之间的关系有多么复杂。该研究项目试图从军事史的角度分析两次世界大战期间的犹太-波兰关系。将19世纪的文化记忆遗产转化为波兰军队的国家机构，代表并象征着一个重要的国家建设功能，这是这里的最高优先事项。这些研究活动构成了一项社会文化历史研究，为了解受军事力量影响的波兰当代史作出了重大贡献。