Evolutionary Genetics of Hydroid Allorecognition

水螅同种异体识别的进化遗传学

• 批准号: 0818295
• 负责人: Leo Buss
• 金额: $ 65万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0818295&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolutionary; Genetics; Hydroid; Allorecognition

Biological systems are notable for the existence of several distinct systems of molecular recognition. A small subset of recognition systems is sufficiently precise and sufficiently variable as to permit recognition of variation between individuals of the same species. Examples include in the realm of agriculture, the pollen compatibility system of plants, and in the realm of medicine, the immune receptors that recognize disease and disease receptors that evade immune receptors. An additional prominent class of highly variable, yet precise determinants are those that control whether colonial animals fuse or reject on contact. The genes that control such phenomena have recently been identified. This project will determine the extent of variation in these genes in natural populations, whether this variation is primarily in the sequence of corresponding genes or whether that variation is structural, and determine whether the variation documented is or is not sufficient to explain fusion and rejection in the wild. The broader impacts of this work include the possibility, based on comparable studies of highly variable recognition systems, of identifying of novel mechanisms by which genetic variation is created and/or maintained. In addition, the project will provide a unique interdisciplinary training in molecular genetics and marine biology for jointly trained graduate students, as well as to continue to train underrepresented minorities and participate in local high school research curricula.

生物系统以存在几种不同的分子识别系统而闻名。识别系统的一个小的子集是足够精确和足够可变的，以允许识别相同物种的个体之间的变化。实例包括在农业领域中的植物花粉相容性系统，以及在医学领域中的识别疾病的免疫受体和逃避免疫受体的疾病受体。另一类显著的高度可变但精确的决定因素是那些控制群体动物在接触时是融合还是排斥的决定因素。控制这种现象的基因最近已经被发现。该项目将确定自然种群中这些基因的变异程度，这种变异是否主要存在于相应基因的序列中，或者这种变异是否是结构性的，并确定记录的变异是否足以解释野生环境中的融合和排斥。这项工作的更广泛的影响，包括可能性，基于高度可变的识别系统的可比研究，确定新的机制，遗传变异的创建和/或维护。 此外，该项目还将为联合培训的研究生提供分子遗传学和海洋生物学方面的独特跨学科培训，并继续培训代表性不足的少数群体和参加当地高中的研究课程。