Collaborative Research: Holocaust Historical GIS

合作研究：大屠杀历史 GIS

• 批准号: 0820487
• 负责人: Alberto Giordano
• 金额: $ 34.19万
• 依托单位: Texas State University - San Marcos
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-15 至 2012-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0820487&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Holocaust; Historical; GIS

The Holocaust was a profoundly geographical event that caused mass displacement and migration, destroyed or fundamentally changed thousands of communities, and created hundreds of new places for the concentration of population, the exploitation of labor, and the mass murder of millions of people. Yet its spatial characteristics and temporal dynamics have scarcely been studied as explicitly geographical phenomena. Nor have scholars critically considered the complex and varied range of spatial scales at which the events constituting the Holocaust took place, from the individual body to the continental expanse of Europe. Through a partnership with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) and access to its exceptionally detailed datasets, the research team will build a set of GIS applications and geovisualizations to carry out four overlapping and interlinked case studies on (1) the evolution of the spatial system of concentration camps; (2) a comparative study of victim transports from France and Italy; (3) a localized study of forced evacuations or death marches from concentration camps at the end of WWII; and (4) a detailed study of the Budapest ghetto. These cases have been chosen for their suitability for GIScience modeling and analysis at a variety of scales and because they represent the range of spatial experiences of Holocaust victims (ghettoization, transportation, incarceration in the concentration camp system).This project will be the first systematic examination of the geographies of the Holocaust. Previous historical scholarship on the Holocaust has focused on Nazi policy, individual camps, particular atrocities, or the history of certain communities, groups, or nations. This project will take a synoptic view of the Holocaust as a multi-layered, multi-scaled event and analyze it by employing geographic information science (GIScience methodologies. For GIScience, the challenges posed by historical source data make this project a significant opportunity to advance new approaches to metadata and source interpretation. Our research methods will provide models for other scholars working in historical GIS as well. Few studies have moved historical GIS (HGIS) beyond the important but conceptually limited stage of infrastructure development to grapple with substantive research questions. Even fewer HGIS projects have examined historical events or conditions of major social significance. This project does both.The results of this project will be disseminated through professional conference presentations, a final workshop at the USHMM open to the general public, peer-reviewed journal articles, a book co-edited by the two PIs with contributions from all the project's participants, and an interactive website on the Geographies of the Holocaust to be built and hosted at the USHMM. Finally, data and GIS applications will be deposited at the USHMM Archives and the Registry of Survivors for long-term preservation and dissemination.

大屠杀是一个深刻的地理事件，造成了大规模的流离失所和移民，摧毁或从根本上改变了数千个社区，并创造了数百个新的人口集中地，剥削劳动力，并对数百万人进行大规模屠杀。然而，其空间特征和时间动态很少被研究作为明确的地理现象。学者们也没有批判性地考虑到构成大屠杀的事件发生的复杂多样的空间尺度，从个人身体到欧洲大陆的广阔地区。通过与美国大屠杀纪念博物馆建立伙伴关系并利用其极其详细的数据集，研究小组将建立一套地理信息系统应用程序和地理可视化，以开展四个相互重叠和相互关联的案例研究：（1）集中营空间系统的演变;（2）对从法国和意大利运送受害者的情况进行比较研究;（3）对从德国运送受害者的情况进行比较研究。（3）对二战结束时集中营强制疏散或死亡游行的局部研究;（4）对布达佩斯贫民窟的详细研究。选择这些案例是因为它们适合在各种尺度上进行GIScience建模和分析，因为它们代表了大屠杀受害者的空间经历（贫民窟化，运输，集中营系统中的监禁）。以前的大屠杀历史奖学金集中在纳粹政策，个别营地，特别暴行，或某些社区，团体或国家的历史。该项目将把大屠杀作为一个多层次，多尺度的事件，并采用地理信息科学（GIScience方法）进行分析。对于GIScience来说，历史源数据带来的挑战使该项目成为推进元数据和源解释新方法的重要机会。我们的研究方法也将为其他从事历史地理信息系统研究的学者提供借鉴。很少有研究将历史地理信息系统（HGIS）超越基础设施发展的重要但概念有限的阶段，以解决实质性的研究问题。更少的HGIS项目研究了具有重大社会意义的历史事件或条件。该项目将通过专业会议介绍、在大屠杀博物馆举办的向公众开放的最后一次讲习班、同行评议的期刊文章、由两名主要研究员共同编辑的一本书以及将在大屠杀博物馆建立和主持的关于大屠杀地理的互动网站来传播该项目的成果。最后，数据和地理信息系统应用程序将存放在USHMM档案馆和幸存者登记处，以便长期保存和传播。