MRI: Acquisition of a Volumetric, 3-Component Particle Displacement and Velocity Measurement System for Mechanical and Environmental Engineering Measurements

CBET-0821420Krueger技术和工程的进步需要创新的方法，这些方法往往涉及比其前辈更复杂的系统。复杂性的增加需要更复杂的测量技术，以便理解、量化和改进创新方法。这在流体流动和机械变形中非常明显，它们通常是三维的(3D)，可能涉及高度不稳定或瞬时行为。粒子成像和跟踪的最新进展现在首次允许测量体积区域内随时间变化的三维粒子位移和速度。该MRI项目的目标是购买一套TSI V3V系统，该系统能够测量三维(体积)、三分量位移和速度，用于各种项目，包括多孔介质流动、海龟移动、电除尘器(ESP)中柴油颗粒收集效率的调查、植物污染修复的优化，以及测量3D薄板中的塑性变形场以评估力学性能和点焊失效机制。TSI V3V系统改进了用于离焦数字粒子图像测速(DDPIV)的技术并将其商业化。具体地说，该系统根据成像粒子在图像平面中的位置和对它们的“散焦”程度的量化测量，提取成像粒子在流动中或表面上的点的3D位置。然后，使用粒子跟踪技术比较从连续图像中获得的粒子位置，粒子位移，当除以帧间延迟时，可以得到速度。可以对设计的体积视野(FOV)内任何位置的粒子位置进行三角剖分，因此结果是真正的体积和3D。当前可用的快速数据传输系统允许捕获图像序列，从而也可以获得时变数据。最后，独立的单一成像平面配置使测量相对容易，即使在许多/大部分实验在光学上不可访问的环境中也是如此。因此，V3V系统非常适合在各种现有和未来的项目中提供基本的3D速度和位移信息。智力上的功绩。购买V3V系统将在复杂流动和机械变形现象的体积、三组分测量方面提供前所未有的能力。这一能力将为了解濒危物种(海龟)的生态、改进和优化维持空气和水质量的方法以及了解用于汽车制造的合金的性能和失效机制提供必要的信息。V3V系统在这些领域的应用还将涉及改进系统能力的努力，包括通过借用为2D机械变形测量开发的图像相关分析工具来提高位移测量的精度，以及使用专门的光学设置调整系统的视场以提高分辨率。这两种方法都承诺改善当前项目的结果，并促进购买的V3V系统在更广泛的研究领域中的应用。更广泛的影响。V3V系统将被两个系(机械工程和环境与土木工程)用于跨越几个学科(工程、生物和化学)的研究。V3V系统的广泛应用将把来自这些不同学科的PI、研究生和本科生聚集在一起。此外，将最先进的测量系统与新的和高度相关的研究主题相结合，如濒危物种、空气质量和基于植物的污染物修复，有望吸引新学生和未被充分代表的群体进行研究。通过在公共场合展示研究项目和成果，将进一步加强外联活动，如达拉斯动物园和水族馆为促进当地社区的科学教育和达拉斯要塞K-8教师的继续教育而组织的“动物园科学日”活动。Worth Metroplex。

CBET-0821420KruegerAdvances in technology and engineering require innovative approaches that often involve systems more complex than their predecessors. Increased complexity necessitates more sophisticated measurement techniques in order to understand, quantify, and refine innovative approaches. This is abundantly apparent in fluid flows and mechanical deformations, which are typically 3-dimensional (3D) and may involve highly unsteady or transient behavior. Recent advances in particle imaging and tracking now, for the first time, allow measurement of time-varying 3D particle displacement and velocity within a volumetric region. The objective of this MRI project is purchase of a TSI V3V system capable of 3D (volumetric), 3-component displacement and velocity measurements for use in a range of projects including porous media flows, sea turtle locomotion, investigation of diesel particle collection efficiency in electrostatic precipitators (ESP), optimization of plant-based contaminant remediation, and measurement of plastic deformation fields in 3D sheet metal for assessing mechanical properties and spot weld failure mechanisms. The TSI V3V system has refined and commercialized the technology used in defocusing digital particle image velocimetry (DDPIV). Specifically, the system extracts the 3D location of imaged particles in a flow or dots on a surface based on their location in the image plane and a quantified measure of how "out-of-focus" they are. Then comparing particle positions obtained from successive images using particle tracking techniques, particle displacements and, when divided by inter-frame delay, velocities may be obtained. Particle positions anywhere within a designed volumetric field of view (FOV) may be triangulated, so the results are truly volumetric and 3D. Currently available fast data transfer systems allow for capture of image sequences so that time-varying data may be obtained as well. Finally, the self-contained, single imaging plane configuration makes measurements relatively easy, even in settings where much/most of the experiment is optically inaccessible. As such, the V3V system is ideal for providing essential 3D velocity and displacement information in a wide range of existing and future projects. Intellectual Merit. Purchase of the V3V system will provide an unprecedented capability in volumetric, 3-component measurement of complex flow and mechanical deformation phenomena. This capability will provide essential information for understanding the ecology of an endangered species (sea turtles), refining and optimizing methods for maintaining air and water quality, and understanding the properties and failure mechanisms of alloys used in automobile manufacturing. Application of the V3V system to these areas will also involve efforts to improve the system capability including increasing the accuracy of displacement measurements by borrowing from image correlation analysis tools developed for 2D mechanical deformation measurements and adjusting the FOV of the system for increased resolution using a specialized optical setup. Both approaches promise to improve the results of the current projects and promote application of the purchased V3V system to a wider range of research areas. Broader Impacts. The V3V system will be utilized by two departments (Mechanical Engineering and Environmental and Civil Engineering) on research spanning several disciplines (engineering, biology, and chemistry). The broad utilization of the V3V system will bring together PIs, graduate students, and undergraduates from these diverse disciplines. Moreover, the combination of a state-of-the-art measurement system with novel and highly relevant research topics such as endangered species, air quality, and plant-based contaminant remediation promises to attract new students and underrepresented groups to research. Outreach will be further enhanced by showcasing the research projects and results in public settings such as "Science Day at the Zoo," an event organized by the Dallas Zoo and Aquarium to promote science education in the local community and continuing education for K-8 teachers in the Dallas-Ft. Worth Metroplex.