Basic Mechanisms of Tropical Cyclone Size and Structure Change

以前对热带气旋与其大范围环境相互作用的研究主要集中在风暴路径的环境控制上，最近则集中在强度的快速变化上。通过对存档的风暴观测数据进行回顾和分析，并使用 NCAR/PSU MM5 中尺度模型（水平分辨率低至 3 公里）进行理想化模拟，本研究将调查以前未探索过的问题，即哪些环境因素控制热带气旋的大小（即直径）和这些风暴的其他广泛的结构方面。由于热带气旋所处的大尺度环境通常可以通过现有的业务天气预报模型得到很好的体现，因此，确定对确定气旋规模和结构最重要的环境特征将改善风暴结构及其演变的预测。这项研究的智力价值集中在更好地理解控制飓风规模演变的基本物理过程以及破坏性大风和强降水的伴随包络线的广泛结构配置。这项工作的更广泛影响包括培训大学研究生和本科生以及支持代表性不足的群体。热带气旋规模变化预测技术的改进将反过来影响业务产品，包括风暴潮预测和应对飓风登陆时沿海疏散计划的适当范围（空间和时间）。

Previous studies of the interaction of tropical cyclones with their large-scale environments have focused primarily on environmental controls on storm tracks and, more recently, rapid changes in intensity. Through a combination of review and analysis of archived storm observations and idealized simulations employing the NCAR/PSU MM5 mesoscale model nested down to 3-km horizontal resolution, this research will investigate the previously unexplored issue of what environmental factors control tropical cyclone size (i.e., diameter) and other broad structural aspects of these storms. Since the large-scale environments in which tropical cyclones are embedded are generally well represented by existing operational weather forecast models, it follows that identifying those environmental characteristics that are most important to determining cyclone size and structure will improve forecasts storm structure and its evolution.The intellectual merit of this research centers upon achieving improved understanding of fundamental physical processes that control evolution of hurricane size and broad structural configuration of accompanying envelopes of damaging winds and heavy precipitation.Broader impacts of this work include training of university graduate and undergraduate students and support of the participation of underrepresented groups. Improved techniques for forecasting changes of tropical cyclone size will in-turn impact operational products including storm surge prediction and proper scoping (in space and time) of coastal evacuation plans in the face of landfalling hurricanes.