Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Endurance Performance in Peruvian Quechua

博士论文改进：秘鲁盖丘亚语的耐力表现

• 批准号: 0824420
• 负责人: Tom Brutsaert
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Albany
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0824420&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Endurance; Performance

High altitude studies have contributed to the understanding of human variation. At high altitude (2500m or 8000 ft) there is a reduction in oxygen availability (hypoxia) because of decreased pressure in the atmosphere or barometric pressure. In spite of that challenge, indigenous high altitude populations have resided in the Andes, Himalayas and Semien Mountains of Ethiopia for hundreds of generations. Studies of high altitude natives, specifically in Tibetans and Andeans, suggest that such individuals exhibit a superior work capacity compared to lowlanders. The majority of performance research on highlanders has focused on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), which is a measure of cardiovascular fitness and represents a peak value of physical performance measured in a short period. A more informative aspect from an evolutionary and energetic perspective is the ability to sustain long periods of work (endurance). However, our understanding of the endurance performance and the relative contribution of developmental effects on work capacity of Andeans is very limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to test the effects of development in hypoxia as this relates to endurance performance of Peruvian Quechua at high altitude. This study will use a novel version of the migrant approach, with the addition of ancestry evaluation via genetic markers to assess the individual ancestry proportion of the subjects. The research will be conducted in Lima (500m) and Cerro de Pasco (4,338m), Peru. Two groups will be recruited at sea-level and participate in a 2-month endurance training period. This step is important to control for initial differences in cardiovascular fitness. The two groups will have Quechua ancestry but will differ in their place of birth (highlands versus lowlands). Group 1 will consist of individuals who were born and raised at sea-level, while Group 2 will consist of individuals who were born and raised in the Peruvian highlands and who migrated to the lowlands as adults. This study will assess developmental effects on endurance performance by comparing the two groups that differ in place of birth, first at sea level, and again after transport to high altitude (4,338 m), while controlling for possible confounders (different Native American ancestry proportions and different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness). This project is the first research that directly addresses the question of endurance performance in high altitude natives, including females, which is lacking in previous literature. Also, by addressing developmental effects on exercise performance, this study will contribute to a better understanding on the mechanism of adaptation to high altitude. The international collaboration of this project will help to create a bridge between complementary disciplines, such as physiology and physical anthropology, and the strengthening academic and research partnerships, which will lead to opportunities for training of Peruvian students and physicians, in a country where physical anthropology is underrepresented. In sum, this study will broaden the understanding in human variation and evolutionary physiology in Peruvian Quechua natives and due to the incorporation of physiological outcomes, results of this research could be of interest to other high altitude researchers who work in health care and to the millions of people who live at altitude.

高海拔研究有助于了解人类的变异。在高海拔（2500米或8000英尺），由于大气压力或大气压降低，氧气可用性（缺氧）减少。尽管面临这一挑战，土著高海拔人口在埃塞俄比亚的安第斯山脉、喜马拉雅山脉和塞米恩山脉居住了数百代。对高海拔地区土著人的研究，特别是对西藏人和安第斯山脉人的研究表明，这些人与低地人相比，表现出上级的工作能力。大多数关于高地人的性能研究都集中在最大耗氧量（VO 2 max）上，这是一种衡量心血管健康的指标，代表了短时间内测量的体能峰值。从进化和精力充沛的角度来看，更能提供信息的方面是维持长期工作（耐力）的能力。然而，我们的理解的耐力性能和相对贡献的发展影响的工作能力的安第斯山脉是非常有限的。因此，本研究的目的是测试在缺氧中的发展的影响，因为这涉及到秘鲁盖丘亚人在高海拔地区的耐力表现。本研究将使用一种新版本的迁移方法，通过遗传标记增加血统评价，以评估受试者的个体血统比例。研究将在利马（500米）和秘鲁的塞罗德帕斯科（4,338米）进行。两组将在海平面招募，并参加为期2个月的耐力训练期。这一步对于控制心血管健康的初始差异很重要。这两个群体将有盖丘亚血统，但在他们的出生地（高地与低地）不同。第一组将由在海平面出生和长大的人组成，而第二组将由在秘鲁高地出生和长大并在成年后迁移到低地的人组成。这项研究将通过比较两组出生地点不同的人来评估耐力表现的发育影响，首先是在海平面，然后在运输到高海拔（4，338米）后再次进行，同时控制可能的混杂因素（不同的美洲原住民血统比例和不同的心肺健康水平）。该项目是第一个直接解决高海拔当地人（包括女性）耐力表现问题的研究，这是以前文献中缺乏的。此外，本研究通过探讨运动能力的发展效应，有助于更好地理解高原适应的机制。该项目的国际合作将有助于在生理学和体质人类学等互补学科与加强学术和研究伙伴关系之间建立桥梁，这将为秘鲁学生和医生提供培训机会，因为秘鲁体质人类学的代表性不足。 总之，这项研究将扩大对秘鲁盖丘亚土著人的人类变异和进化生理学的理解，由于纳入了生理结果，这项研究的结果可能会引起其他从事医疗保健工作的高海拔研究人员和数百万生活在高海拔地区的人的兴趣。