Doctoral Dissertation Research: Developmental Trajectories: A Comparative-Historical Analysis

20世纪世纪的巴西是世界历史上最不平等--而且持续不平等--的社会之一。 从长期来看，巴西是如何、何时以及为什么在社会和经济发展方面变得如此持续不平等的？ 该项目首先记录了巴西不平等的一个新层面，表明巴西各州在整个世纪的大部分时间里总体上保持了各自的经济和社会发展水平。 通过对巴西各州的比较历史分析，共同研究所将利用档案和地区及地方历史来检验关于这种不平等的潜在长期原因的五个假设，包括1650年葡萄牙殖民渗透的程度，1650年和1888年奴隶制的强度，1700年后劳动密集型庄园的存在，1700年后热带出口农业的强度，以及世纪中期后省政府自由或保守的控制。 最初的研究表明，一个被忽视的变量驱动了巴西的社会和经济不平等：不同的阶级配置对次国家及其前身的控制。 这项研究将有助于对巴西案例进行详细和全面的研究，以建立社会学中关于殖民主义遗产的不断发展的理论框架。该研究的更广泛影响包括：1）加强未来研究的多学科合作; 2）向外行，政策和学术受众广泛传播研究结果。 首先，该项目将通过参加多学科和跨学科会议，研讨会和研究伙伴关系，与巴西的社会科学家和历史学家建立和深化多学科合作。 第二，调查结果将广泛传播给学术界、政策界和非专业人士，有助于对巴西不同地区不平等的不同历史轨迹有更强有力的实证理解。

SES-0824130Patrick HellerChristopher GibsonBrown UniversityBrazil in the 20th century was among the most unequal - and persistently unequal - societies in world history. Over the long run, how, when, and why did Brazil became so persistently unequal in its social and economic development? This project first documents a new dimension of Brazilian inequality by showing that Brazil's states generally maintained their levels of economic and social development relative to one another throughout most of the 20th century. Through a comparative historical analysis of Brazilian states, the co-PI will use archives and regional and local histories to test five hypotheses about potential long-run causes of this inequality, including the extent of Portuguese colonial penetration by 1650, the intensity of slavery by 1650 and by 1888, the presence of labor-intensive estates after 1700, the intensity of tropical export agriculture after 1700, and liberal or conservative control of provincial governments after the mid 19th century. Initial research suggests that an overlooked variable drove Brazilian social and economic inequality: control of the sub-national state and its precursors by different class configurations. The study will contribute a detailed and comprehensive study of the Brazilian case to the evolving theoretical framework in sociology on legacies of colonialism. Broader impacts of the study include: 1) enhanced multidisciplinary collaborations for future research; and 2) broad dissemination of findings to lay, policy, and academic audiences. First, the project will build and deepen multidisciplinary collaborations with social scientists and historians of Brazil by participating in multi- and interdisciplinary conferences, workshops, and research partnerships. Second, findings will be disseminated broadly to academic, policy, and lay audiences, contributing a more robust empirical understanding of the differential historical trajectories of inequality in different regions of Brazil.