Doctoral Dissertation Research: Understanding Urban Policy Implementation

博士论文研究：理解城市政策的实施

• 批准号: 1434019
• 负责人: Patrick Heller
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1434019&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Understanding; Urban

SES-1434019Patrick HellerJamie L. McPikeIndia has recently entered a fundamentally new era of urban policymaking. For approximately 50 years the federal urban policy approach was largely hands-off until 2005 when the central government unveiled its most comprehensive urban policy to date, the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (NURM). Responding to pressures to address worsening urban problems while also promoting economic growth in cities, the central government designed NURM as a reform-based policy that proposes the restructuring of political and economic institutions at state and local levels. In exchange for funds from the federal government, states and cities must adopt a series of reforms for liberalizing urban economies, decentralizing authority to municipalities, and expanding services to the urban poor. For the first time in India's history, federal urban grants are tied to reforms, signaling that the central government is keen to transform historical forms of urban governance, which have been defined by the strong control of state governments over urban affairs. Through analysis of official documents, in-depth interviews with governmental and societal actors working on NURM, and observation of NURM project meetings in Bangalore and Chennai, this research will examine and seek to answer three main questions. First, how does the Indian government construct and attempt to implement its largest urban policy in history? Second, how do competing interests, jurisdictions, and political relations between governmental actors and agencies' at the local, state, and federal level?shape urban policy processes found both within and between Indian cities? Third, how do non-governmental actors work with governmental actors (at all levels of government) during policy development and implementation and how do these multi-level interactions structure urban policy processes found under NURM?The data collected from this dissertation research will contribute a number of empirical and practical insights to our understanding of urban governance in India and, more broadly, to our understanding of urban governance under contemporary globalization. First, this research will illuminate the processes behind federal policy implementation in Indian cities. Existing studies in India have examined policy processes and state capacity in sectors like education, health, and poverty reduction, but to date there has been no systematic analysis of federal urban policies and the complexities involved in their implementation. As cities become increasingly central to India?s economic growth and development, it is critical to understand the ways in which control of urban governance is structured and the opportunities for and limitations to change within Indian cities. Second, while control over urban affairs has traditionally been the responsibility of the state governments, NURM has created space for urban citizens and civil society groups to press for more locally accountable forms of governance. In this sense, India represents a fascinating case to explore how cities meet the diverse needs of their citizens while also attempting to build institutional capacity at the municipal level. Third, it is a common claim that urban governance becomes less accountable and democratic under contemporary globalization. A deeper understanding of the role of governmental and non-governmental actors in determining specific forms of urban policy outcomes is a critical step toward improving our understanding the local logics of urban governance under contemporary globalization and the ways in which cities can still be sites for inclusive politics.

帕特里克·海勒杰米·L·麦派克印度最近进入了一个城市政策制定的全新时代。在大约50年的时间里，联邦城市政策在很大程度上是不干预的，直到2005年，中央政府公布了迄今为止最全面的城市政策--贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁国家城市更新任务(NURM)。为了应对在解决日益恶化的城市问题的同时促进城市经济增长的压力，中央政府将NURM设计为一项以改革为基础的政策，提议在州和地方各级重组政治和经济机构。为了换取联邦政府的资金，各州和城市必须采取一系列改革，放开城市经济，将权力下放给市政当局，并扩大对城市穷人的服务。在印度历史上，联邦城市拨款第一次与改革挂钩，这表明中央政府热衷于改变历史上的城市治理形式，这种形式的定义是邦政府对城市事务的强大控制。通过对官方文件的分析，对在NURM工作的政府和社会行为者的深入采访，以及对在班加罗尔和钦奈举行的NURM项目会议的观察，这项研究将审查并试图回答三个主要问题。首先，印度政府如何构建并尝试实施其历史上最大的城市政策？第二，地方、州和联邦各级政府行为者和机构之间相互竞争的利益、管辖权和政治关系是如何影响印度城市内部和城市之间的城市政策过程的？第三，在政策制定和执行过程中，非政府行为者如何与政府行为者(各级政府)合作，这些多层次的互动是如何构建NURM下的城市政策过程的？本论文研究收集的数据将有助于我们理解印度的城市治理，更广泛地说，有助于我们理解当代全球化下的城市治理。首先，这项研究将阐明印度城市实施联邦政策背后的过程。印度现有的研究考察了教育、卫生和减贫等领域的政策进程和国家能力，但到目前为止，还没有对联邦城市政策及其执行过程中涉及的复杂性进行系统分析。随着城市日益成为印度经济增长和发展的中心，了解印度城市治理的控制结构以及在印度城市内部发生变化的机会和限制至关重要。其次，虽然城市事务的控制传统上是州政府的责任，但全国城市管理委员会为城市公民和公民社会团体创造了空间，以推动更多对地方负责的治理形式。从这个意义上说，印度是一个有趣的案例，可以探索城市如何满足其公民的多样化需求，同时也试图在市政一级建设机构能力。第三，人们普遍认为，在当代全球化下，城市治理变得不那么负责和民主。更深入地了解政府和非政府行为者在确定具体形式的城市政策成果方面的作用，是提高我们对当代全球化下城市治理的地方逻辑以及城市仍然可以成为包容性政治场所的方式的理解的关键一步。