Doctoral Dissertation Research: Impact of HIV/AIDS on the Wild Harvesting Movements of Women and Girls in Former Transkei

博士论文研究：艾滋病毒/艾滋病对前特兰斯凯妇女和女童野生捕捞运动的影响

• 批准号: 0825414
• 负责人: John Stepp
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0825414&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Impact; HIV

South Africa has the highest rate of HIV/AIDS in the world while still suffering from the legacy of apartheid. The pandemic puts a further stress on existing rural labor constraints caused by male urban migration. Concurrently, environmentalists have raised concerns about the deepening reliance on the harvest of wild natural resources as a result of HIV/AIDS. A political ecology of disease is therefore fitting to explore how rural women and girls cope with labor constraints within the context of wild resource harvesting. The problem is that of a silenced group of users dependent upon open access natural resources of little national interest while suffering from an epidemic that the community prefers not to speak of. The research will therefore investigate rural women's and children's environmental spatial behaviors while coping with the household impact of HIV/AIDS in the former homeland Transkei. The objectives are to: 1) model the varying spatial distribution of wild harvesting among women and girls to compare individuals from HIV/AIDS afflicted households with non-afflicted households 2) and understand the contextual political ecology of disease that condition individual and household spatiotemporal allocation of wild harvesting in a context of rural poverty and poor health. The project hypothesizes that the labor constraints caused by the pandemic will influence individuals' spatial mobility as determined by the overall activity space of wild resource activities. Consequently, the proposed work will look at the issue of mobility on an individual and household level as an important asset and adaptation in rural natural resource-dependent livelihood strategies. Using a mixed methods approach to integrate geospatial tools with political ecology, there will be analyses of GPS-derived self-mapped daily trajectories, participatory ethnomapping with GPS, as well as contextual semi-structured interviews and socio-economic survey data. Such an integrated grounded analysis can help develop a framework of local micro-agency and to theorize about women's and girls' behavioral coping strategies and responses to the pandemic as they relate to wild harvesting.Wild harvesting by women and children is an integral part of the diversified rural livelihood system in South Africa's HIV/AIDS affected communal lands. Yet the varying harvesters' conditioning factors and subsequent finer-scaled distributions of such harvesting are not well represented in the literature. Past research has focused on the demographic impact of the epidemic as it relates to natural resource use while there is scant attention paid to subsequent possible varying spatial distribution of dynamic wild resource use. The proposed research will present the first spatial micro-geography investigation of such daily environmental behaviors of women and girls living with HIV/AIDS within a macro-political ecology straddling the urban-rural divide. Because this epidemic is a multi-dimensional shock it is only through such an integrated approach that one can come to better understand its magnitude and complexity. This study will contribute to the literature on wild harvesting extraction in Africa generally while specifically addressing the need to understand women's and girls' spatial environmental behavior in the shadow of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. An understanding of how the pandemic influences individuals in their extraction of fragile natural resources is also needed to guide future integrated policy interventions for poverty alleviation and sustainable natural resource management. Any lessons learned here can be applied not only to other HIV/AIDS afflicted regions in Africa but also to more general public health studies in other parts of the world. The proposed research will also train local previously disadvantaged African students in GIS as well as a number of research methods. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career. This project is jointly supported by the Geography and Regional Science Program and the Office of International Science and Engineering.

南非是世界上艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染率最高的国家，同时仍然遭受种族隔离的影响。这一大流行病进一步加重了男性向城市移徙造成的现有农村劳动力制约因素。与此同时，环境保护主义者对艾滋病毒/艾滋病导致人们越来越依赖野生自然资源的收获表示关切。因此，疾病的政治生态学适合探讨农村妇女和女孩如何科普野生资源采集背景下的劳动力限制。问题是，一群沉默的用户依赖于国家利益不大的开放获取自然资源，同时遭受社区不愿提及的流行病。因此，这项研究将调查农村妇女和儿童的环境空间行为，同时应对家庭的影响，艾滋病毒/艾滋病在前家园特兰斯凯。其目标是：1）模拟妇女和女孩中野生收获的不同空间分布，以比较来自艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染家庭和非感染家庭的个人2）并了解疾病的背景政治生态，在农村贫困和健康状况不佳的背景下，这些疾病制约着个人和家庭野生收获的时空分配。该项目假设，疫情导致的劳动力约束将影响个体的空间流动性，而空间流动性是由野生资源活动的整体活动空间决定的。因此，拟议的工作将把个人和家庭一级的流动性问题视为农村依赖自然资源的生计战略的一项重要资产和适应措施。将采用混合方法将地理空间工具与政治生态学相结合，分析由全球定位系统产生的自我绘制的每日轨迹、利用全球定位系统进行的参与性人种绘图以及背景半结构化访谈和社会经济调查数据。这种综合的基础分析可以帮助制定一个地方微观机构的框架，并理论化妇女和女孩的行为应对战略和应对流行病，因为他们涉及野生收获，野生收获的妇女和儿童是南非的艾滋病毒/艾滋病影响的公有土地的多样化农村生计系统的一个组成部分。然而，不同的收割机的条件因素和随后的更细规模的分布，这样的收获没有很好地代表在文献中。过去的研究集中在流行病的人口影响，因为它涉及到自然资源的使用，而很少注意到随后可能变化的空间分布动态野生资源的使用。拟议的研究将首次对感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的妇女和女孩在跨越城乡鸿沟的宏观政治生态中的日常环境行为进行空间微观地理调查。由于这一流行病是一个多层面的冲击，只有通过这种综合办法，人们才能更好地了解其规模和复杂性。这项研究将有助于在非洲野生收获提取一般的文学，同时专门解决需要了解妇女和女孩的空间环境行为的阴影下的艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病。还需要了解这一流行病如何影响个人开采脆弱的自然资源，以指导今后的减贫和可持续自然资源管理综合政策干预。在此吸取的任何经验教训不仅可以应用于非洲其他受艾滋病毒/艾滋病影响的地区，而且可以应用于世界其他地区更广泛的公共卫生研究。拟议的研究还将培训当地以前处于不利地位的非洲学生掌握地理信息系统以及一些研究方法。作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项还将提供支持，使有前途的学生建立一个强大的独立的研究生涯。该项目由地理和区域科学计划以及国际科学与工程办公室共同支持。