MOD - Transmission of Tacit Skills in East Asian Graduate Science Programs

MOD - 东亚研究生科学项目中隐性技能的传播

• 批准号: 0830109
• 负责人: Marcus Ynalvez
• 金额: $ 33.57万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M International University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-10-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0830109&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MOD; Transmission; Tacit; Skills; East

This project addresses a crucial area in the globalization of science: the transmission of skills to future scientists. It does this by examining doctoral training practices critical to the transmission of skills acquired through close interaction and hands-on experience, also known as 'tacit skills.' Although an under researched area in scientific training, 'tacit skills' play a crucial role in the creativity and innovation in experimental and mathematical sciences, laser and nuclear technology development. While there is a standard set of accepted scientific principles shared by most scientists, there are also differences in terms of what is learned and how it is taught. This project focuses on Japan, Singapore and Taiwan. Each of these countries has consistently exhibited high rates of innovation and productivity in recent years. However, while these countries have been successful in science education, each of them approaches the task of training scientists in various methods. The core hypothesis of the study is that student-mentor relationships significantly configure levels of scientific creativity, pioneering discoveries, technical innovation, and research productivity. The project?s main goal is to develop an empirically tested and contemporary model of science that will inform science and innovation policy about the role of 'tacit skills' in knowledge production, and to enhance best practices in U.S. graduate science training. The project analyzes the different methods using analytical, conceptual, and methodological tools from the areas of knowledge sharing, social networks, and the extended translation model of science. While a component of the project will uncover the degree of codified knowledge that is taught by most standard text books and the mastery of this knowledge, the project also seeks to understand advanced knowledge acquisition and transmission through the study of graduate science training by exploring students? relationships with mentors and peers. Contemporary research has shown that the nature of informal educational practices is not only conducive to the acquisition of 'tacit skills' but enhances professional competencies. BROADER IMPACTS: This project not only advances understanding of how 'tacit skills' are transmitted, but also informs pedagogical programs, and generates 'best practices' in advanced scientific training that recognize the changing nature and morphology of knowledge production brought about by globalization. It enhances scientific manpower and infrastructure by establishing networks of collaborations across disciplinary boundaries among scientific institutions globally. This project involves the active participation of students from underrepresented Hispanic populations located along the U.S.-Mexico border. This participation exposes and socializes these students to actual multicultural research work and to professional scientific careers critical to socioeconomic development of the U.S. southern border.

该项目涉及科学全球化的一个关键领域：向未来科学家传授技能。它通过检查博士培训实践来实现这一点，这些实践对于通过密切互动和实践经验获得的技能（也称为“隐性技能”）的传播至关重要。“虽然在科学训练的研究领域，'隐性技能'发挥了至关重要的作用，在实验和数学科学，激光和核技术的发展的创造力和创新。虽然大多数科学家都有一套标准的公认的科学原则，但在学到什么和如何教授方面也存在差异。本项目主要针对日本、新加坡和台湾。近年来，这些国家都一直表现出高创新率和高生产率。然而，虽然这些国家在科学教育方面取得了成功，但它们都在以各种方法完成培养科学家的任务。该研究的核心假设是，学生-导师关系显著配置科学创造力，开拓性发现，技术创新和研究生产力的水平。项目？的主要目标是开发一个经过实证检验的当代科学模型，为科学和创新政策提供关于“隐性技能”在知识生产中的作用的信息，并加强美国研究生科学培训的最佳实践。该项目使用来自知识共享、社交网络和科学的扩展翻译模型等领域的分析、概念和方法工具分析了不同的方法。虽然该项目的一个组成部分将揭示大多数标准教科书所教授的编码知识的程度以及对这些知识的掌握，但该项目还试图通过探索学生的研究生科学培训来了解高级知识的获取和传播。与导师和同伴的关系。当代研究表明，非正规教育实践的性质不仅有利于获得“隐性技能”，而且提高了专业能力。更广泛的影响：该项目不仅促进了对“隐性技能”如何传播的理解，而且还为教学方案提供了信息，并在高级科学培训中产生了“最佳做法”，这些培训认识到全球化带来的知识生产的性质和形态的变化。它通过在全球科学机构之间建立跨学科合作网络，加强科学人力和基础设施。该项目涉及来自位于美国沿着代表性不足的西班牙裔人口的学生的积极参与。墨西哥边境。这种参与暴露和社会化这些学生到实际的多元文化研究工作和专业的科学事业至关重要的美国南部边境的社会经济发展。