Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Documenting Variability in Environmental Exploitation and Settlement Structure in the Central Scioto Valley

凯文·C·诺兰将在威廉·S·丹西博士的指导下，研究古堡(公元1000-1650)莱因哈特遗址的环境开发模式和村庄结构。最近的调查揭示了古堡传统堡和其他俄亥俄河谷史前晚期群体在当地变异性的重要方面。然而，在中央肖托山谷，调查的晚期史前遗址很少。这项调查将增加有关古堡时期人类状况变化的宝贵知识。首先，诺兰将检查莱因哈特居民对资源的可用性和使用情况。村民的生存选择将通过从遥感确定的地物样本中恢复花卉和动物遗骸来重建。回收的材料将根据栖息地类型的分布和特定资源类型的可用性与预期进行比较。这将允许检查村落居民对特定资源的相对采购成本，并可能为资源压力提供线索。第二，该项目将有助于了解古堡聚落组织的变异性范围。社区组织知识是评价社区内部社会关系的重要依据。古堡遗址一直被认为表现出随着时间的推移聚落结构的多样性。然而，许多调查只曝光了一小部分遗址。具体地说，之前在中央肖托山谷进行的研究要么暴露了村庄的一小部分，要么是在现代挖掘和记录方法之前进行的。因此，关于中央山本谷古堡社区组织的数据很少，也没有可变性的概念。这个项目提供了一个机会，通过地球物理调查、密集的地面收集、铲子测试采样和特征挖掘相结合的方式，记录中央山本谷早期古堡遗址的遗址结构。该项目有助于记录当地文化多样性的当前趋势。这种分析的适当起点是个别地点。该项目将建立一个古堡生存和聚落结构的模型，捕捉到空间和时间的变异性。这个模型是从现场向外建立的，结合了莱因哈特现场的结果和利用数字州现场记录数据库的几个最近的项目。对可变性和持久性的理解对于建立随着时间推移的文化变化的理论上的知情叙事至关重要。除了帮助诺兰完成他的博士学位之外，这个项目还将为当地的教育推广工作提供信息。Nolan已经将目前的考古知识纳入公共宣传介绍，并获得资金，以促进编制与这些宣传介绍配套的小册子。这些小册子和未来的介绍将呈现俄亥俄州晚期史前历史的细微差别，这是普通公众可以理解的，并包含了公共教育的目标。此外，该项目将促进俄亥俄州哥伦布市的保护规划。NSF的支持，加上已经获得的资金，将有助于俄亥俄州人民保护、教育和展示重要的文化遗迹。

Kevin C. Nolan, under the supervision of Dr. William S. Dancey, will examine the pattern of environmental exploitation and the village structure at the Fort Ancient (AD 1000-1650) Reinhardt site. Recent investigations shed light on important aspects of local variability for the Fort Ancient Tradition and other Ohio Valley Late Prehistoric groups. However, there is a paucity of investigated Late Prehistoric sites in the Central Scioto Valley. This investigation will add valuable knowledge about the variability of the human condition during the Fort Ancient period.First, Nolan will examine the availability and use of resources by the Reinhardt inhabitants. The subsistence choices of the villagers will be reconstructed by recovery of floral and faunal remains from a sample of remote-sensing identified features. The recovered material will be compared against expectations based on the distribution of habitat types and the availability of specific resource types. This will allow examination of relative procurement costs incurred by the village inhabitants for specific resources and may give clues as to resource stress.Second, this project will contribute to understanding the range of variability in Fort Ancient settlement organization. Knowledge of community organization is important for evaluating intra-community social relations. Fort Ancient sites have been argued to exhibit variability in settlement structure through time. However, many investigations expose only small portions of sites. Specifically, previous studies in the Central Scioto Valley have either exposed small portions of the village or were conducted prior to modern excavation and recording methods. As a result, there is little data on the organization of Fort Ancient communities in the Central Scioto Valley and no concept of variability. This project provides an opportunity to document the site structure of an Early Fort Ancient site in the Central Scioto Valley through a combination of geophysical survey, intensive surface collection, shovel test sampling, and feature excavation.This project contributes to current trends towards documenting local cultural variability. The appropriate starting point for such an analysis is the individual site. This project will build a model of Fort Ancient subsistence and settlement structure that captures spatial and temporal variability. This model is built from the site outwards, combining the Reinhardt site results and several recent projects utilizing the digital state site records database. Understanding of variability and persistence are crucial to building theoretically informed narratives of cultural change over time.In addition to helping Nolan to complete his doctoral degree, this project will inform local educational outreach efforts. Nolan already incorporates current archaeological knowledge into public outreach presentations and has funding to facilitate the production of pamphlets to accompany these outreach presentations. The pamphlets and the future presentations will present a nuanced illustration of Ohio Late Prehistory that is understandable by the general public and embraces the goals of public education. In addition, this project will facilitate preservation planning by and for the City of Columbus, Ohio. NSF support, coupled with funding already obtained, will aid in the preservation, education, and presentation of significant cultural remains for the people of Ohio.