Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Documenting Variability in Environmental Exploitation and Settlement Structure in the Central Scioto Valley

凯文·C·诺兰 (Kevin C. Nolan) 在威廉·S·丹西 (William S. Dancey) 博士的监督下，将研究莱因哈特古堡（公元 1000-1650 年）遗址的环境开发模式和村庄结构。最近的调查揭示了古堡传统和其他俄亥俄河谷史前晚期群体局部变异的重要方面。然而，中部赛奥托山谷的史前晚期遗址却很少被调查。这项调查将增加有关古代堡垒时期人类状况变化的宝贵知识。首先，诺兰将检查莱因哈特居民的资源可用性和使用情况。村民的生存选择将通过从遥感识别特征样本中恢复花卉和动物遗骸来重建。回收的材料将与基于栖息地类型的分布和特定资源类型的可用性的预期进行比较。这将允许检查村庄居民为特定资源而产生的相对采购成本，并可能提供有关资源压力的线索。其次，该项目将有助于了解古堡定居点组织的可变性范围。了解社区组织对于评估社区内的社会关系很重要。有人认为，古堡遗址随着时间的推移表现出聚落结构的变化。然而，许多调查仅暴露了一小部分地点。具体来说，之前对中央赛奥托山谷的研究要么暴露了村庄的一小部分，要么是在现代挖掘和记录方法之前进行的。因此，关于中央赛欧托山谷古堡社区组织的数据很少，也没有变异的概念。该项目提供了一个机会，通过地球物理调查、密集的表面收集、铲测试取样和特征挖掘相结合，记录赛奥托山谷中部早期堡垒古遗址的遗址结构。该项目有助于记录当地文化变异性的当前趋势。这种分析的适当起点是单个站点。该项目将建立一个古代堡垒生存和定居结构的模型，以捕捉空间和时间的变化。该模型是从现场向外构建的，结合了莱因哈特现场结果和利用数字国家现场记录数据库的最近几个项目。对变异性和持久性的理解对于建立关于文化随时间变化的理论叙述至关重要。除了帮助诺兰完成博士学位外，该项目还将为当地的教育推广工作提供信息。诺兰已经将当前的考古知识纳入公共宣传演示中，并拥有资金来促进制作小册子以配合这些宣传演示。小册子和未来的演示文稿将详细介绍俄亥俄州晚期史前史，使公众能够理解并体现公共教育的目标。此外，该项目还将促进俄亥俄州哥伦布市的保护规划。美国国家科学基金会的支持，加上已经获得的资金，将有助于为俄亥俄州人民保护、教育和展示重要的文化遗迹。

Kevin C. Nolan, under the supervision of Dr. William S. Dancey, will examine the pattern of environmental exploitation and the village structure at the Fort Ancient (AD 1000-1650) Reinhardt site. Recent investigations shed light on important aspects of local variability for the Fort Ancient Tradition and other Ohio Valley Late Prehistoric groups. However, there is a paucity of investigated Late Prehistoric sites in the Central Scioto Valley. This investigation will add valuable knowledge about the variability of the human condition during the Fort Ancient period.First, Nolan will examine the availability and use of resources by the Reinhardt inhabitants. The subsistence choices of the villagers will be reconstructed by recovery of floral and faunal remains from a sample of remote-sensing identified features. The recovered material will be compared against expectations based on the distribution of habitat types and the availability of specific resource types. This will allow examination of relative procurement costs incurred by the village inhabitants for specific resources and may give clues as to resource stress.Second, this project will contribute to understanding the range of variability in Fort Ancient settlement organization. Knowledge of community organization is important for evaluating intra-community social relations. Fort Ancient sites have been argued to exhibit variability in settlement structure through time. However, many investigations expose only small portions of sites. Specifically, previous studies in the Central Scioto Valley have either exposed small portions of the village or were conducted prior to modern excavation and recording methods. As a result, there is little data on the organization of Fort Ancient communities in the Central Scioto Valley and no concept of variability. This project provides an opportunity to document the site structure of an Early Fort Ancient site in the Central Scioto Valley through a combination of geophysical survey, intensive surface collection, shovel test sampling, and feature excavation.This project contributes to current trends towards documenting local cultural variability. The appropriate starting point for such an analysis is the individual site. This project will build a model of Fort Ancient subsistence and settlement structure that captures spatial and temporal variability. This model is built from the site outwards, combining the Reinhardt site results and several recent projects utilizing the digital state site records database. Understanding of variability and persistence are crucial to building theoretically informed narratives of cultural change over time.In addition to helping Nolan to complete his doctoral degree, this project will inform local educational outreach efforts. Nolan already incorporates current archaeological knowledge into public outreach presentations and has funding to facilitate the production of pamphlets to accompany these outreach presentations. The pamphlets and the future presentations will present a nuanced illustration of Ohio Late Prehistory that is understandable by the general public and embraces the goals of public education. In addition, this project will facilitate preservation planning by and for the City of Columbus, Ohio. NSF support, coupled with funding already obtained, will aid in the preservation, education, and presentation of significant cultural remains for the people of Ohio.