Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Yuthu: The Symbolic and Everyday Limits of an Early Andean Community

在Joyce Marcus博士的监督下，Allison R.戴维斯将分析她在Yuthu挖掘过程中收集的数据，Yuthu是秘鲁库斯科的一个村庄遗址，大约从1980年开始被占领。公元前600年至公元200年。 虽然库斯科作为印加帝国的首都而闻名，但人们对该地区早期村民的日常生活和政治组织几乎一无所知。 戴维斯的发掘是（1）第一次旨在确定早期村庄时期的房屋和社区建筑，（2）第一次收集关于在其中进行的活动的数据。 该项目的一个目标是确定Yuthu的古代村民是否能够自给自足，以满足家庭、村庄或多村庄网络一级的生计和非生计需要。 村民们可能认为自己是定居点网络的一部分，而定居点网络不一定是为他们提供日常活动的同一个群体。 事实上，根据对其他地方早期村民的研究，人们开始预期，成员的观念和界定人类社区界限的实际做法是可变的，有时甚至可能彼此独立地变化。今天在安第斯山脉，各种经济网络将跨越许多生态区的定居点整合在一起。 此外，一套信仰将个人和家庭与一个远远超出其村庄范围的神圣景观联系在一起。 这些持久的概念构成了今天人们的生活，这个项目将使人们能够确定类似的信念是否塑造了过去人们的生活。 本项目将比较非本地物品在家庭环境中的使用与Yuthu（多村庄网络中的一个村庄）仪式环境中使用的物品，以了解考古学家如何在两个层面上定义社区：（1）实际上依赖遥远的地方提供日常活动，以及（2）偏远地区在社区成员概念中的作用，在定期的融合仪式中得到加强。 研究结果将表明，在仪式和家庭习俗的物质遗存中，一个社区的感知和实际限制是否随着村庄失去自治权而首次成为区域政体的一部分而发生变化。 除了帮助考古学家和其他社会科学家了解世界各地高海拔环境中的社区组织外，该项目还将培训秘鲁和美国的考古学学生。 项目结果将通过英文和西班牙文的学术期刊文章、会议报告和博士论文提供给科学界。Allison R.戴维斯 结果将在现场报告和城镇会议上的口头报告中向Collana-Cruzpata-Chekerec当地社区介绍。

Under the supervision of Dr. Joyce Marcus, Allison R. Davis will analyze data gathered during her excavations at Yuthu, a village site in Cusco, Peru, occupied from ca. 600 BC to AD 200. Although Cusco is well-known as the capital of the much later Inka Empire, almost nothing is known about the daily lives and political organization of early villagers in the area. Davis's excavations are (1) the first designed to identify houses and community buildings for the early village period and (2) the first to collect data on the activities carried out within them. One goal of this project is to determine whether the ancient villagers of Yuthu were self-sufficient to meet their subsistence and non-subsistence needs at the level of the household, the village, or multi-village network. Villagers may have considered themselves to be part of a network of settlements that was not necessarily the same group who provisioned their everyday activities. Indeed, based on studies of early villagers elsewhere, one comes to expect that the perceptions of membership and the actual practices that define the limits of a human community are fluid and may even vary independently of one another at times. In the Andes today various economic networks integrate settlements spanning many ecological zones. In addition, a set of beliefs ties individuals and families to a sacred landscape that extends well beyond the limits of their village. These enduring concepts structure the lives of people today and this project will allow one to determine whether similar beliefs shaped the lives of people in the past. This project will compare the use of non-local items in domestic contexts to items used in ceremonial contexts at Yuthu, one village in a multi-village network, in order to understand how archaeologists can define community at two levels: (1) the actual reliance on distant places to provision daily activities and (2) the role of distant places in the conception of community membership that is reinforced in periodic rituals of integration. Results will show whether or not the perceived and practical limits of a community, evident in the material remains of ceremonial and domestic practices, co-varied as villages lost autonomy and became part of a regional polity for the first time. In addition to helping archaeologists and other social scientists understand community organization in high-altitude environments throughout the world, this project will train Peruvian and U.S. students in archaeology. The project results will be made available to the scientific community through scholarly journal articles in English and Spanish, conference presentations, and the Ph.D. thesis of Allison R. Davis. Results will be presented to the local community of Collana-Cruzpata-Chequerec in site reports and oral presentations made in their town meetings.