Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Yuthu: The Symbolic and Everyday Limits of an Early Andean Community

在Joyce Marcus博士的监督下，Allison R.Davis将分析她在Yuthu挖掘过程中收集的数据，Yuthu是秘鲁库斯科的一个村庄，从公元前600年到公元200年被占领。尽管库斯科作为后来的印加帝国的首都而闻名，但人们对该地区早期村民的日常生活和政治组织几乎一无所知。戴维斯的发掘是(1)第一次被设计来识别早期村庄时期的房屋和社区建筑，(2)第一次收集关于在其中进行的活动的数据。该项目的目标之一是确定余图古代村民是否能够自给自足，在家庭、村庄或多村网络层面上满足他们的生存和非生存需求。村民们可能认为自己是定居点网络的一部分，而不一定是为他们提供日常活动的同一群体。事实上，基于对其他地方早期村民的研究，人们开始预计，对成员身份的看法和定义人类社区界限的实际做法是不稳定的，有时甚至可能相互独立地变化。在今天的安第斯山脉，各种经济网络将跨越许多生态区的定居点整合在一起。此外，一系列信仰将个人和家庭与一片远远超出村庄界限的神圣景观联系在一起。这些经久不衰的概念构成了今天人们的生活，这个项目将允许人们确定类似的信仰是否影响了过去人们的生活。该项目将比较非本地物品在家庭环境中的使用情况与在多村庄网络中的一个村庄Yuthu的仪式环境中使用的物品，以便了解考古学家如何在两个层面上定义社区：(1)实际依赖遥远的地方提供日常活动；(2)在定期的融合仪式中强化的社区成员概念中，遥远地方的作用。结果将显示，随着村庄失去自治权并首次成为地区政体的一部分，一个社区的感知和实际限制是否会随着村庄失去自治权和首次成为地区政体的一部分而发生变化。除了帮助考古学家和其他社会科学家了解世界各地高海拔环境中的社区组织外，该项目还将培训秘鲁和美国的学生进行考古学方面的培训。该项目的成果将通过英语和西班牙语的学术期刊文章、会议报告和艾莉森·R·戴维斯的博士论文向科学界公布。结果将以实地报告的形式向Colana-Cruzpata-Chequerec当地社区介绍，并在他们的镇会议上作口头介绍。

Under the supervision of Dr. Joyce Marcus, Allison R. Davis will analyze data gathered during her excavations at Yuthu, a village site in Cusco, Peru, occupied from ca. 600 BC to AD 200. Although Cusco is well-known as the capital of the much later Inka Empire, almost nothing is known about the daily lives and political organization of early villagers in the area. Davis's excavations are (1) the first designed to identify houses and community buildings for the early village period and (2) the first to collect data on the activities carried out within them. One goal of this project is to determine whether the ancient villagers of Yuthu were self-sufficient to meet their subsistence and non-subsistence needs at the level of the household, the village, or multi-village network. Villagers may have considered themselves to be part of a network of settlements that was not necessarily the same group who provisioned their everyday activities. Indeed, based on studies of early villagers elsewhere, one comes to expect that the perceptions of membership and the actual practices that define the limits of a human community are fluid and may even vary independently of one another at times. In the Andes today various economic networks integrate settlements spanning many ecological zones. In addition, a set of beliefs ties individuals and families to a sacred landscape that extends well beyond the limits of their village. These enduring concepts structure the lives of people today and this project will allow one to determine whether similar beliefs shaped the lives of people in the past. This project will compare the use of non-local items in domestic contexts to items used in ceremonial contexts at Yuthu, one village in a multi-village network, in order to understand how archaeologists can define community at two levels: (1) the actual reliance on distant places to provision daily activities and (2) the role of distant places in the conception of community membership that is reinforced in periodic rituals of integration. Results will show whether or not the perceived and practical limits of a community, evident in the material remains of ceremonial and domestic practices, co-varied as villages lost autonomy and became part of a regional polity for the first time. In addition to helping archaeologists and other social scientists understand community organization in high-altitude environments throughout the world, this project will train Peruvian and U.S. students in archaeology. The project results will be made available to the scientific community through scholarly journal articles in English and Spanish, conference presentations, and the Ph.D. thesis of Allison R. Davis. Results will be presented to the local community of Collana-Cruzpata-Chequerec in site reports and oral presentations made in their town meetings.