CSR-DMSS,SM: Beyond Solid State Disks: Using FLASH to Save Energy in Enterprise Systems

CSR-DMSS,SM：超越固态硬盘：使用闪存在企业系统中节省能源

• 批准号: 0834403
• 负责人: Thomas Wenisch
• 金额: $ 28万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0834403&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CSR; DMSS; SM; Beyond; Solid

Energy efficiency is rapidly becoming a key constraint in the design of enterprise systems. By 2011, yearly data center energy consumption in the United States is projected to grow to over 100 billion kWh at cost of $7.4 billion. As much as 40% of this energy is consumed by DRAM and disks. Portable consumer devices, where battery life has long been a key concern, instead use faster and more energy-efficient Flash storage. Flash is non-volatile, has near-zero standby power draw, and each Flash read requires 30x less power than a DRAM read and three orders-of-magnitude less power than a disk access. Moreover, Flash provides far lower access latency and higher bandwidth than disks, approaching DRAM performance levels. Enterprise storage vendors have recently announced products that replace traditional disks with high-capacity Flash solid-state disks (SSDs). However, because they are accessed through interfaces optimized for legacy rotating disks, SSDs fail to fully-exploit the low latency and high bandwidth Flash can provide. Furthermore, replacing conventional disks with SSDs does not address the growing power consumption of severs' DRAM. In this project, we examine further opportunities, beyond SSDs, to save energy with Flash in enterprise systems by integrating Flash throughout the servers' storage and memory hierarchies. The long term goal of our research--to improve data center energy efficiency--has the potential to drastically reduce the carbon footprint of data centers and the need for additional power generation capacity.

能源效率正迅速成为企业系统设计的关键约束。到 2011 年，美国数据中心的年能耗预计将增长到超过 1000 亿千瓦时，成本达 74 亿美元。其中 40% 的能源被 DRAM 和磁盘消耗。电池寿命长期以来一直是便携式消费类设备的一个关键问题，因此转而使用更快、更节能的闪存。闪存是非易失性的，待机功耗接近于零，每次闪存读取所需的功耗比 DRAM 读取少 30 倍，比磁盘访问少三个数量级。此外，闪存提供比磁盘低得多的访问延迟和更高的带宽，接近 DRAM 的性能水平。 企业存储供应商最近推出了用大容量闪存固态硬盘（SSD）取代传统磁盘的产品。然而，由于它们是通过针对传统旋转磁盘优化的接口进行访问的，因此 SSD 无法充分利用闪存可以提供的低延迟和高带宽。此外，用 SSD 取代传统磁盘并不能解决服务器 DRAM 不断增长的功耗问题。在此项目中，我们将研究除 SSD 之外的更多机会，通过将闪存集成到整个服务器的存储和内存层次结构中，在企业系统中使用闪存来节省能源。 我们研究的长期目标是提高数据中心能源效率，有可能大幅减少数据中心的碳足迹和额外发电能力的需求。