CSR-EHCS(CPS) TM: Robust Composition and Interoperability of CPS Components

现代医疗设备往往是复杂的分布式系统。它们需要大量的嵌入式软件，并在其组件之间显示涉及多个人的反馈循环，例如护理员、医生和患者。这样的系统需要足够灵活，以适应环境中的重大不确定性，例如患者对治疗和药物的不同且往往不可预测的反应。与许多其他复杂系统一样，越来越突出的趋势是用独立开发的硬件和软件组件组装医疗设备。为了适应这一趋势，同时保持医疗系统所需的高度置信度，需要在主动组件领域进行研究。主动组件的概念扩展了传统组件的新功能，支持组成推理，以提高互操作性。主动组件的基本概念是组件携带一个可供其对等点使用的自我模型，该模型指定对等点可以预期的预期行为和失败行为以及它从对等点承担的行为。该项目正在开发主动组件作为医疗器械软件和系统(MDSS)的组合框架，并应用主动组件来建模和分析MDSS的环境方面，预测预期和意外的交互，并比较心理模型和系统模型以检测和防止潜在的用户错误。特别是，主动组件框架将用于建立对MD PnP(医疗设备即插即用)互操作性的高度信任，这是一项针对医疗设备动态集成的持续努力。该项目还试图通过将有源组件用于组件性和互操作性至关重要的新的先进医疗设备系统，例如基于传感器网络的医疗设备，来应用、评估和改进有源组件的概念。

Modern medical devices are often complex distributed systems. They require substantial embedded software and exhibit feedback loops between their components that involve multiple humans, such as caregivers, doctors, and patients. Such systems need to be flexible enough to accommodate significant uncertainty in their environments, such as varying and often unpredictable reactions of patients to treatments and medications. As with many other complex systems, the increasingly prominent trend is to assemble medical devices from independently developed hardware and software components. To accommodate this trend and simultaneously maintain the high degree of confidence that is required of medical systems, research is needed in the area of active components.The idea of an active component extends traditional components with novel capabilities that support compositional reasoning to improve interoperability. The basic concept of an active component is that the component carries a self-model that can be used by its peers, which specifies the intended and failure behaviors that peers can expect and the behavior it assumes from peers.The project is developing active components as a compositional framework for medical device software and systems (MDSS), and applies active components to model and analyze the environmental aspects of MDSS, to anticipate expected and unexpected interactions, and to compare mental models and systems models to detect and prevent potential user errors. In particular, the active component framework will be applied to establish high confidence in MD PnP (Medical Device Plug-and-Play) interoperability, an on-going effort targeting dynamic integration of medical devices. The project also seeks to apply, evaluate, and refine the notion of active components by using them for new advanced medical device systems where compositionality and interoperability are essential, such as medical devices based on sensor networks.