CSR-EHCS(CPS) TM: Robust Composition and Interoperability of CPS Components

现代医疗设备通常是复杂的分布式系统。它们需要大量的嵌入式软件，并在涉及多个人（如护理人员、医生和患者）的组件之间展示反馈循环。这样的系统需要足够灵活，以适应其环境中的重大不确定性，例如患者对治疗和药物的不同且往往不可预测的反应。与许多其他复杂系统一样，使用独立开发的硬件和软件组件组装医疗设备的趋势日益突出。为了适应这一趋势，同时保持医疗系统所需的高度信心，需要在活性成分领域进行研究。活动组件的思想扩展了传统组件，使其具有支持组合推理以提高互操作性的新功能。活动组件的基本概念是，该组件携带可被其对等体使用的自我模型，该模型指定对等体期望的预期行为和失败行为，以及它从对等体假定的行为。该项目正在开发主动组件，作为医疗设备软件和系统（MDSS）的组成框架，并应用主动组件建模和分析MDSS的环境方面，预测预期的和意外的交互，并比较心智模型和系统模型，以检测和防止潜在的用户错误。特别是，主动组件框架将用于建立MD PnP（医疗设备即插即用）互操作性的高可信度，这是一项针对医疗设备动态集成的持续努力。该项目还寻求应用、评估和完善主动组件的概念，将其用于新的先进医疗设备系统，其中组合性和互操作性是必不可少的，例如基于传感器网络的医疗设备。

Modern medical devices are often complex distributed systems. They require substantial embedded software and exhibit feedback loops between their components that involve multiple humans, such as caregivers, doctors, and patients. Such systems need to be flexible enough to accommodate significant uncertainty in their environments, such as varying and often unpredictable reactions of patients to treatments and medications. As with many other complex systems, the increasingly prominent trend is to assemble medical devices from independently developed hardware and software components. To accommodate this trend and simultaneously maintain the high degree of confidence that is required of medical systems, research is needed in the area of active components.The idea of an active component extends traditional components with novel capabilities that support compositional reasoning to improve interoperability. The basic concept of an active component is that the component carries a self-model that can be used by its peers, which specifies the intended and failure behaviors that peers can expect and the behavior it assumes from peers.The project is developing active components as a compositional framework for medical device software and systems (MDSS), and applies active components to model and analyze the environmental aspects of MDSS, to anticipate expected and unexpected interactions, and to compare mental models and systems models to detect and prevent potential user errors. In particular, the active component framework will be applied to establish high confidence in MD PnP (Medical Device Plug-and-Play) interoperability, an on-going effort targeting dynamic integration of medical devices. The project also seeks to apply, evaluate, and refine the notion of active components by using them for new advanced medical device systems where compositionality and interoperability are essential, such as medical devices based on sensor networks.