CDI Type I. Mixing the Data to Knowledge direction: Computational Thinking for Faint Feature Detection by Feedback Control and Sensitivity/Resolution Enhancement of Matrix Images

研究者和他的同事们提出了一种新的范式转换方法来实现高分辨率和高对比度成像，它将磁共振成像（MRI）和光学成像的革命与同样前沿的数学发展相结合。该方法利用检测器和样品之间的非线性反馈，使测量的场反馈到MRI磁体上。不稳定的反馈增加了正常细胞和癌细胞之间的动态对比。压缩传感是一种数据分析技术，使用数学算法从相对较少的测量中提取特定的特征和图像。最后，结合压缩感知和反馈成像的多源和检测器可以并行采集数据，并使用现代滤波-对角化技术来合成数据，从而获得更快的图像。总的来说，首席研究员和他的同事们提出的研究和发展将彻底改变MRI。通过应用非传统的测量和成像技术，肿瘤与正常区域的对比度将提高许多倍。这种增加将基于同样的物理现象，即混沌，鸟类和喷气式战斗机习惯于快速改变方向。这种革命性的模式最终将使核磁共振成像扫描更便宜、更快捷，从而产生巨大的广泛影响。2008年，估计美国将有168万人被诊断出患有癌症，其中约67万人将死亡。如果及早发现，可以挽救10%-35%的生命。这凸显了改进早期检测方法的必要性，这本来可以挽救许多患者。常规方法无法实现的大幅度（2-5或更多）减少MRI采集时间，加上所提出方法固有的增强特征分辨率，将允许更快、更便宜的癌症筛查，这对于改进早期检测并从而减少癌症死亡至关重要。除了癌症检测之外，还有许多其他成像应用可以从显著减少的扫描时间和成本中受益，例如工业传感（例如农业中水果的均匀性）和国土安全应用，包括对隐藏材料的高灵敏度检测。

The investigator and his colleagues propose a new paradigm-shifting approach towards high resolution and high contrast imaging, which combines revolutions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging with equally cutting edge mathematical developments.The approach uses non-linear feedback between the detector and the sample, so that the measured field is fed back to the MRI magnet. The unstable feedback increases the dynamical contrast between normal and cancerous cells. This highly nontraditional approach will be complemented by incorporating compressed sensing, a data analysis technique where mathematical algorithms are used to extract specific features and images from a relatively small number of measurements.Finally, multiple sources and detectors, which coupled with compressed sensing and feedback imaging can collect data in parallel will be implemented together, and modern filter-diagonalization techniques will be used to synthesize the data leading to faster images. Overall, the research and development that the principal investigator and his colleagues propose will revolutionize MRI. By applying nontraditional measurement and imaging technique, the contrast between tumors and normal areas will be increased many fold. The increase will be based on the same physical phenomena, chaos, that is used to by birds and jet fighters to quickly switch their direction. The revolutionary paradigm will will eventually make it much cheaper and faster to do an MRI scan, thereby having enormously broad impacts. In 2008, an estimated 1,680,000 people in the U.S. will be diagnosed with cancer, and approximately 670,000 people will die. Between 10%-35% could have been saved with earlier detection.This highlights the need for improved early detection methods, which could have saved many patients. A large (2-5 or more) reduction MRI acquisition time, which is not feasible with conventional methods, coupled with the enhanced feature resolution native to the proposed approach, will allow for faster and cheaper cancer screening, which is crucial to improved early detection and thus reducing deaths due to cancer. Besides cancer detection, there are numerous other imaging applications that stand to benefit from significantly decreased scan time and cost, such as industrial sensing (for example uniformity of fruits in agriculture) and homeland security applications, including highly sensitive detection of concealed materials.