Science Plan of the WATer and Environmental Research Systems Network (WATERS Network)

CBET-0838607 Dozier水域网络是一项旨在转变水环境科学和工程的倡议。其目标是建立一种全国性的能力，以更好地预测和管理水及其营养物质、污染物和沉积物在美国各地的行为。人口增长、不断演变的土地利用和气候变化使未来的水环境不确定，因此预测和管理需要理解以及统计关系，从而需要研究水如何移动和改变景观的人之间的整合；管理和处理水以确保饮用水供应和防止洪水；以及考虑人类、机构和管理系统如何应对并叠加质量、稀缺性或灾害的可变性。推动对集成的、协作开发的基础设施的需求的是对我们必须在全国范围内预测和管理水资源的认识。随时随地预测水质和水量(WQ2EAT)需要明智地整合模型和合成、网络基础设施、教育和推广、现有网络和遥感数据，以及在实际数量的精心选择的地点或盆地进行新的测量、分析和实验。一个研究和操纵过程的观测和实验设施网络将提供可以转移到非洲大陆任何地点的知识。拟议的网络横跨水环境领域--原始、农村和城市地区，并建立了管理和处理的网络和设施。预测能力从洪水和暴雨溢流等偶发事件，到季节性春季径流和农业废物激增，再到数十年的项目。调查的任务是创建一个原型网络设计，使其能够进行详细的规范和预算，为概念设计审查做准备。调查将分析代表现有人类影响水环境的领域的现有数据来源，进行建模练习以确定新的测量需求并预测我们缺乏密集测量的位置，并仔细审查新兴技术和不同变量以在不同的尺度上进行观察。将根据其支持关键科学目标的能力对替代观测设计以及实验设施和活动进行评估。水网络将帮助我们了解和预测不同过程在不同尺度上相互作用的方式，以产生水环境中的可变性。因此，有关明显依赖于规模的流程的知识将为管理和工程设计提供选择。人类生活用水、农业用水和工业用水也许是人类最基本的需求。我们预测和管理水及其质量的传统方法是基于人类影响孤立和气候相对稳定时建立的统计关系。这些边界条件正在变化，因此需要新的基本理解。沃特斯网络的重点是美国，但所获得的知识和开发的技术将应用于全球。

CBET-0838607DozierThe WATERS Network is an initiative to transform science and engineering of the water environment. The goal is to create a national capability to better predict and manage the behavior of water-and its nutrients, contaminants, and sediments-everywhere in the U.S. Population growth, evolving land use, and climate change make the future water environment uncertain, so prediction and management require understanding along with statistical relationships, and thereby require integration among people who study how water moves and transforms landscapes; who manage and treat water to ensure potable supplies and prevent floods; and who consider how humans, institutions, and managed systems respond to and superimpose variability on quality, scarcity, or hazard. Driving the requirement for an integrated, collaboratively developed infrastructure is the recognition that we have to predict and manage water nationwide. Predicting Water Quality and Quantity Everywhere at All Times (WQ2EAT) requires a judicious integration of models and syn-thesis, cyberinfrastructure, education and outreach, existing networks, and remotely sensed data, along with new measurements, analyses, and experiments at a realistic number of carefully chosen sites or basins. A network of observational and experimental facilities, where processes are studied and manipulated, will provide knowledge that can be transferred to any location on the continent. The proposed network spans the domain of water environments-pristine, rural, and urban areas and constructed networks and facilities for management and treatment. The capacity for prediction ranges from episodic events such as floods and storm-water overflows, through seasonal spring runoff and surges of agricultural wastes, to multi-decadal projections.The task of the investigation is to create a prototype network design that will enable detailed specification and budgeting to prepare for a conceptual design review. The investigation will analyze existing sources of data across a domain representing the extant human-influenced water environment, conduct modeling exercises to identify new measurement needs and predict in locations where we lack intensive measurements, and scrutinize emerging technologies and different variables to observe at different scales. Alternative observational designs, as well as experimental facilities and campaigns, will be evaluated according to their capability to support key scientific objectives. The WATERS Network will help us understand and predict the ways in which heterogeneous processes interact with one another at different scales to produce the variability found in the water environment. Knowledge about explicitly scale-dependent processes will thereby inform options for management and engineering design. Water for human consumption, agriculture, and industrial processes is perhaps humanitys most fundamental need. Our traditional methods of predicting and managing water and its quality are based on statistical relations developed when human impacts were isolated and climate was relatively stable. These boundary conditions are changing, hence the need for new fundamental understanding. The WATERS Network focuses on the U.S., but the knowledge gained and the technologies developed will apply globally.